Subject: ORA AXAM
Submitted by: Deb Dailey (daileyknd@grm.net)
Source: Yuma Pioneer, Thursday, August 28, 1930
ORA AXSOM SHOT AND KILLED AT STRATTON, NEBRASKA
Coroner's Jury Renders Verdict of Suicide, But Relatives Think He Was Murdered
Ora Axsom a resident of this section for the past fifteen years, was seriously shot and killed early Monday morning at Stratton, Nebraska.
The body of the slain man was in the basement of a barber shop where a card game had been in progress during Sunday night.
It has been possible for Yuma people to obtain only very meager reports of the tragedy. The only communication received directly was the statement from Stratton that Ora Axsom had shot himself to death and an inquest would be held. But no word in Yuma has been officially received as to the result of that inquest. It was learned from Stratton that the coroner's jury reached a verdict of suicide. But friends who have seen the body reject the idea of a self-inflicted wound. They point to the fact that the deceased's head showed no sign of ? or powder marks. They insist that if the man had held the gun to his head and fired, the explosion would have left some marks. They insist that the man would have been compelled to hold his hand in a very awkward position to fire the shot. It was reported that the coroner's jury was over 18 hours reaching a verdict with no indications that Axsom met his death by other than his own hands. A son is expected to go to Stratton today and further investigate the shooting and place the case in the hands of the district attorney.
His wife and seven children, six sons and one girl, besides his mother and other relatives survive him. During the past several months Mrs. Axsom and the youngest children have been residing in Greeley, this state, the children attending school in that city. The older boys have been attending to the farm work while their parents were away. One of the sons went to Greeley as soon as he heard of the tragedy and brought Mrs. Axsom and the young children back to Yuma.
The funeral was held from the Yuma Methodist Church Wednesday afternoon, August 27, Rev. William I. Jones officiating and the interment was at the Yuma Cemetery.
____________________________________________________________
Friday, March 23, 2012
Nona Mary Axam
Subject: NONA MARY AXAM
Submitted by: Deb Dailey (daileyknd@grm.net)
Source: Unknown Newspaper and Date
Nona Mary Axam, daughter of John T. and Daisy Boyd Axam, was born near Pleasanton, Decatur County, Iowa, October 20, 1908, and died September 17, 1931, near Kellerton. Her early childhood was spent in Mercer and Harrison Counties, Missouri, and later the family moved to Potter County, South Dakota, where she engaged in teaching in the public schools of that county. She leaves to mourn her departure her father and mother, two sisters, Anne and Viola, one of whom now lies seriously ill with typhoid fever at the home of her aunt, Mrs. Ed O. Moore, and two brothers, Alfred and Marvin, all residing at home in Lebanon, S.D., and two grandmothers and other relatives and a host of friends in Missouri and South Dakota. Funeral services were held from the Christian Church, conducted by the pastor, Rev. Kratzer, and burial was in the Maple Row Cemetery.
Submitter's note: Nona's middle name was MAY, not Mary. The surviving sister was ANNA, not Anne. and her last name was, of course, AXSOM.
Submitted by: Deb Dailey (daileyknd@grm.net)
Source: Unknown Newspaper and Date
Nona Mary Axam, daughter of John T. and Daisy Boyd Axam, was born near Pleasanton, Decatur County, Iowa, October 20, 1908, and died September 17, 1931, near Kellerton. Her early childhood was spent in Mercer and Harrison Counties, Missouri, and later the family moved to Potter County, South Dakota, where she engaged in teaching in the public schools of that county. She leaves to mourn her departure her father and mother, two sisters, Anne and Viola, one of whom now lies seriously ill with typhoid fever at the home of her aunt, Mrs. Ed O. Moore, and two brothers, Alfred and Marvin, all residing at home in Lebanon, S.D., and two grandmothers and other relatives and a host of friends in Missouri and South Dakota. Funeral services were held from the Christian Church, conducted by the pastor, Rev. Kratzer, and burial was in the Maple Row Cemetery.
Submitter's note: Nona's middle name was MAY, not Mary. The surviving sister was ANNA, not Anne. and her last name was, of course, AXSOM.
Mrs. Lucinda Bryant
Subject: MRS. LUCINDA BRYANT
Submitter: Linda Stewart (pamperedLin@juno.com)
Source: Bethany Democrat, Dec. 30, 1903
MRS. LUCINDA BRYANT
Lucinda Stewart was born in Wheeling, Virginia, September 11th, 1816, and departed this life at the residence of her nephew, Wm. C. Shumard, in this city, December 26th 1903. She moved with her sister, Mrs. Susan Shumard to Harrison county, Missouri in 1856, and for several years made her home with her sister and brother, Elder E. Stewart, now of Iowa. She was united in marriage with Stephen Bryant in 1859. Mr. Bryant died a few years after his marriage, after which Mrs. Bryant made her home with the family of the late John S. Allen up to about fifteen years ago, when she went to live with her nephew, Wm. C. Shumard, with whom she ever after resided. Mr. and Mrs. Shumard were at all times devoted to her welfare and made her declining years peaceful and happy. The funeral was held Sunday, Dec. 27th, from the Shumard residence, conducted by Mr. Oren Orahood, pastor of the Christian Church, after which burial occured at the Morris cemetery.
Early in life Mrs. Bryant became a member of the Christian church and was a consistant Christian the balance of her life. Mrs. Bryant was retiring in disposition and kindly to all. Those who knew her most intimately loved her best. She was sick but a few days and seemed to suffer but little. From the first day of her sickness her recovery, owing to her extreme age, was not expected. Her long life is now closed on earth and she will doubtless meet the reward that the righteous may expect. Peace to her memory.
____________________________________________________________
Submitter: Linda Stewart (pamperedLin@juno.com)
Source: Bethany Democrat, Dec. 30, 1903
MRS. LUCINDA BRYANT
Lucinda Stewart was born in Wheeling, Virginia, September 11th, 1816, and departed this life at the residence of her nephew, Wm. C. Shumard, in this city, December 26th 1903. She moved with her sister, Mrs. Susan Shumard to Harrison county, Missouri in 1856, and for several years made her home with her sister and brother, Elder E. Stewart, now of Iowa. She was united in marriage with Stephen Bryant in 1859. Mr. Bryant died a few years after his marriage, after which Mrs. Bryant made her home with the family of the late John S. Allen up to about fifteen years ago, when she went to live with her nephew, Wm. C. Shumard, with whom she ever after resided. Mr. and Mrs. Shumard were at all times devoted to her welfare and made her declining years peaceful and happy. The funeral was held Sunday, Dec. 27th, from the Shumard residence, conducted by Mr. Oren Orahood, pastor of the Christian Church, after which burial occured at the Morris cemetery.
Early in life Mrs. Bryant became a member of the Christian church and was a consistant Christian the balance of her life. Mrs. Bryant was retiring in disposition and kindly to all. Those who knew her most intimately loved her best. She was sick but a few days and seemed to suffer but little. From the first day of her sickness her recovery, owing to her extreme age, was not expected. Her long life is now closed on earth and she will doubtless meet the reward that the righteous may expect. Peace to her memory.
____________________________________________________________
Thursday, March 22, 2012
Wednesday, March 21, 2012
Axsom
Axsom Family History
Axsom Name Meaning
English: variant of Axson.
Dictionary of American Family Names, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-508137-4
8,505 Historical Documents & Family Trees with Axsom
•829 Census and Voter Lists
•22 Immigration Records
•1,806 Birth, Marriage, and Deaths
•5,611 Member Family Trees
•237 Military Records
View all results >
Axsom Civil War Service Records
All Axsom
4
Confederate
3
Union
1
from the Civil War Service Records
Axsom Civil War Service Records
AXSOM Hobast Jr - Vietnam Wall section 29W
Honor our Veterans. This is one of many photographs of the Vietnam Memorial Wall in Parker Co, TX. Feel free to use this picture for your personal records. This is one of the 219,079 photos free at http://teafor2.com where they are listed in order by state(Texas), county(Parker), cemetery(Vietnam) and Surname.
I'm a African American Axsom
John W. Axsom (View posts)
Posted: 6 Oct 2005 2:28PM
Classification: Query
I've been checking out the Axsom Ancestry, and I just want to put the word out that there are BLACK Axsom's too. Are there any more out there?
Mary Axsom's Daughter Wilma Maxene
meldaved (View posts)
Posted: 16 Mar 2000 2:20AM
Edited: 23 Jun 2001 9:57PM
Really could use some help! I do not know my grandmother's maiden name. Here is what I know: Her mother is Mary Axsom born Nov. 19,1908 in Indiana. She was married several times, last to Palmer Fuller. Wilma Maxene went by her middle name,Maxene. She might of married a Thompson at a young age before marrying my grandpa, William Clarence Oliver Jr. Maxene and "Bill" lived in Peoria, Il area and had 3 children. She was mentally unstable and did not raise her children. She is still living in IN. She becomes upset when asked about who her father was, so we can't find out that way. My mother remembers a man named Depo/Defo Kline who must have been like a father to Maxene because she had a nervous breakdown when he passed away. He stayed with Maxene and Bill Oliver in IL. during his battle with cancer abt. 1955. Wilma Maxene was born May 15, 1928/1929. I found info on an "Axsom" website that incorrectly lists Maxene as daughter of Palmer Fuller. My mother knows this is not true. Mary Axsom married Palmer much later and he was probably 8yrs. younger than she. Can anyone help sort out this mess? I would like to be able to tell my mother who her grandfather was.
My family tree is online, includes a lot of VA Axsoms
Brenna (View posts)
Posted: 4 Sep 2003 10:52PM
Classification: Query
Surnames: Axsom
Hi there!
My family tree is always a work in progress but I have decided to post the information I do have so far online. It includes all the information I currently have as well as photos of some people.
You can find it at: http://www.imajika.net/ghtout/ghtindex.htm
PLEASE send me pictures and any information I am missing if you can. I would also appreciate emails if you find errors. :)
Thanks!
-Brenna
imajika@dr.com
Axsom Name Meaning
English: variant of Axson.
Dictionary of American Family Names, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-508137-4
8,505 Historical Documents & Family Trees with Axsom
•829 Census and Voter Lists
•22 Immigration Records
•1,806 Birth, Marriage, and Deaths
•5,611 Member Family Trees
•237 Military Records
View all results >
Axsom Civil War Service Records
All Axsom
4
Confederate
3
Union
1
from the Civil War Service Records
Axsom Civil War Service Records
AXSOM Hobast Jr - Vietnam Wall section 29W
Honor our Veterans. This is one of many photographs of the Vietnam Memorial Wall in Parker Co, TX. Feel free to use this picture for your personal records. This is one of the 219,079 photos free at http://teafor2.com where they are listed in order by state(Texas), county(Parker), cemetery(Vietnam) and Surname.
I'm a African American Axsom
John W. Axsom (View posts)
Posted: 6 Oct 2005 2:28PM
Classification: Query
I've been checking out the Axsom Ancestry, and I just want to put the word out that there are BLACK Axsom's too. Are there any more out there?
Mary Axsom's Daughter Wilma Maxene
meldaved (View posts)
Posted: 16 Mar 2000 2:20AM
Edited: 23 Jun 2001 9:57PM
Really could use some help! I do not know my grandmother's maiden name. Here is what I know: Her mother is Mary Axsom born Nov. 19,1908 in Indiana. She was married several times, last to Palmer Fuller. Wilma Maxene went by her middle name,Maxene. She might of married a Thompson at a young age before marrying my grandpa, William Clarence Oliver Jr. Maxene and "Bill" lived in Peoria, Il area and had 3 children. She was mentally unstable and did not raise her children. She is still living in IN. She becomes upset when asked about who her father was, so we can't find out that way. My mother remembers a man named Depo/Defo Kline who must have been like a father to Maxene because she had a nervous breakdown when he passed away. He stayed with Maxene and Bill Oliver in IL. during his battle with cancer abt. 1955. Wilma Maxene was born May 15, 1928/1929. I found info on an "Axsom" website that incorrectly lists Maxene as daughter of Palmer Fuller. My mother knows this is not true. Mary Axsom married Palmer much later and he was probably 8yrs. younger than she. Can anyone help sort out this mess? I would like to be able to tell my mother who her grandfather was.
My family tree is online, includes a lot of VA Axsoms
Brenna (View posts)
Posted: 4 Sep 2003 10:52PM
Classification: Query
Surnames: Axsom
Hi there!
My family tree is always a work in progress but I have decided to post the information I do have so far online. It includes all the information I currently have as well as photos of some people.
You can find it at: http://www.imajika.net/ghtout/ghtindex.htm
PLEASE send me pictures and any information I am missing if you can. I would also appreciate emails if you find errors. :)
Thanks!
-Brenna
imajika@dr.com
Axsom
Some Descendants of Joseph H. Axsom
Generation No. 1
1. JOSEPH H.1 AXSOM, SR. was born 1778, and died 1833 in Surry Co., NC1. He married NANCY MAY UNK c. 1803. She was born 02/06/1783 in Surry Co., NC1, and died 12/24/1854 in Surry Co., NC.
More About JOSEPH H. AXSOM, SR.:
Census: 1810, Surry Co., NC1
Named in Tax List 1: 1809, Rowan Co., NC (188 acres)1
Named in Tax List 2: 1812, Surry Co., NC (no acreage)1
Children of JOSEPH AXSOM and NANCY UNK are:
2. i. MARTIN2 AXSOM, b. 06/10/1804; d. 01/02/1873, Surry Co., NC.
ii. SAMUEL DAVID AXSOM, b. 07/30/1805.
3. iii. ANDREW AXSOM, b. 1809, NC; d. 07/1889, Surry Co., NC.
iv. ELIZABETH AXSOM, b. 1811.
v. NELLY AXSOM, b. 1814.
vi. NANCY E. AXSOM, b. 1815.
4. vii. JOSEPH H. AXSOM, JR., b. 1816.
viii. JAMES AXSOM, b. 1820.
ix. ALEXANDER AXSOM, b. 1822.
x. MARY AXSOM, b. 1822.
Generation No. 2
2. MARTIN2 AXSOM (JOSEPH H.1) was born 06/10/1804, and died 01/02/1873 in Surry Co., NC. He married SUSANNAH LUNDY 05/03/1826 in Surry Co., NC2. She was born 12/13/1798, and died 04/10/1879 in Surry Co., NC.
Notes for MARTIN AXSOM:
AXSOM FAMILY CEMETERY, Surry County, NC -
Directions: From Hwy 601 S at Fairview Crossroads, follow NC 268 W for approximately 2 miles. Turn left on SR 1113 (Gilliam Rd. - dead end). Follow the road to an abandoned farmhouse (Old Lee Cockerham Farm). Follow the old road bed in front of the house for approximately 1/4 mile. The cemetery is located in a copse of trees to the right. There are eighteen (18) graves in the cemetery. Eight (8) of those graves have inscribed tombstones. The remaining 10 graves are marked with rocks.
Prepared by Norma Axsom Zanetti - (descendant) June 1998
More About MARTIN AXSOM:
Burial: 1873, Axsom Family Cemetery, Surry Co., NC
Child of MARTIN AXSOM and SUSANNAH LUNDY is:
i. ISAAC LUNDY3 AXSOM, b. 04/11/1823; d. 06/30/1840; Stepchild.
3. ANDREW2 AXSOM (JOSEPH H.1)3 was born 1809 in NC, and died 07/1889 in Surry Co., NC. He married ELIZABETH WELDON3 07/29/1830 in Surry Co., NC4. She was born 1812, and died Bet. 1880 - 1884.
More About ANDREW AXSOM and ELIZABETH WELDON:
Marriage Bondsman: 07/29/1830, David Reavis5
Marriage Witness: 07/29/1830, E. Rutledge5
Children of ANDREW AXSOM and ELIZABETH WELDON are:
i. WILLIAM E.3 AXSOM, b. 05/08/1832; d. 04/01/19056; m. CHARITY L. UNK; b. 10/21/18366; d. 08/02/19006.
Notes for WILLIAM E. AXSOM:
Tombstone lists name as "Axson."
More About WILLIAM E. AXSOM:
Burial: Salem Cemetery, Forsyth Co., NC6
More About CHARITY L. UNK:
Burial: Salem Cemetery, Forsyth Co., NC6
ii. MARY AXSOM, b. c. 1833.
iii. SAMUEL J. AXSOM, b. 1836; m. PHEBE NICHOLSON, 12/19/1857, Surry Co., NC7.
iv. JOSEPH H. AXSOM, b. 1839.
v. LUCY E. AXSOM, b. 1841.
vi. SARAH B. AXSOM, b. 1843.
5. vii. SUSAN JANE AXSOM, b. 03/27/1844, Surry Co., NC; d. 05/08/1921, Surry Co., NC.
viii. MARTIN AXSOM, b. 1845.
ix. MARTHA L. AXSOM, b. 1848.
4. JOSEPH H.2 AXSOM, JR. (JOSEPH H.1) was born 1816.
Child of JOSEPH H. AXSOM, JR. is:
i. ABRAHAM SETLIFF3 AXSOM, b. 10/29/1854; d. 10/11/1856.
More About ABRAHAM SETLIFF AXSOM:
Burial: 1856, Axsom Family Cemetery, Surry Co., NC8,8.
Generation No. 3
5. SUSAN JANE3 AXSOM (ANDREW2, JOSEPH H.1) was born 03/27/1844 in Surry Co., NC, and died 05/08/1921 in Surry Co., NC. She married THOMAS WINSTON CHILDRESS9 08/12/1866 in Surry Co., NC10. He was born 08/30/1832 in Surry Co., NC, and died 08/22/1882.
More About THOMAS CHILDRESS and SUSAN AXSOM:
Marriage Bond: 08/11/1866
Married By: 08/12/1866, Joseph Axsom, Justice of the Peace11
Children of SUSAN AXSOM and THOMAS CHILDRESS are:
i. LILLIE4 CHILDRESS.
ii. JOSEPH ALFRED CHILDRESS, b. c. 1867.
iii. MARTIN PRESTON CHILDRESS, b. 06/09/1869.
iv. ENOS R. CHILDRESS, b. 04/28/1871; d. 08/10/193912.
More About ENOS R. CHILDRESS:
Burial: 1939, Woodland Cemetery, Forsyth Co., NC12
v. THOMAS DOLPHUS FRANCIS CHILDRESS, b. 05/23/1873.
vi. EMMA L. CHILDRESS, b. 04/20/1875.
vii. JANE MALINDA CHILDRESS, b. 06/02/1877; m. UNK BURTON.
6. viii. ALICE ELIZA CHILDRESS, b. 11/01/1879, Marsh Township, Surry Co., NC; d. 04/24/1959, Winston Salem, NC.
ix. L. M. CHILDRESS, b. 07/12/1882.
Generation No. 4
6. ALICE ELIZA4 CHILDRESS (SUSAN JANE3 AXSOM, ANDREW2, JOSEPH H.1) was born 11/01/1879 in Marsh Township, Surry Co., NC13, and died 04/24/1959 in Winston Salem, NC. She married PLEASANT LUTHER STANLEY 06/07/1901, son of PLEASANT STANLEY and RACHEL PHILLIPS. He was born 07/1882 in Marsh Township, Surry Co., NC, and died 12/24/1943 in Winston Salem, NC.
Notes for ALICE ELIZA CHILDRESS:
OBITUARY: Forsyth Co., NC 4/25/1959 --- Mrs. Eliza Childress Stanley 79, of Owen Drive, widow of Pleasant Luther Stanley, died at 7:30pm yesterday at a Winston-Salem hospital. She had been in declining health 3 1/2 years and seriously ill nine weeks. Mrs. Stanley was born Nov. 1, 1879 in Surry County, the daughter of Winston and Jane Axsom Childress. She moved from Surry County to Winston-Salem in 1921. She was a member of College Park Baptist Church. She was married in 1900. Her husband died Dec. 24, 1943. Surviving are three daughters, Mrs. Lillie Williams of Owen Drive, Mrs. C. A. Windsor of 1134 S. Hawthorne Road and Mrs. Ima Wooten of 1415 Salisbury Road; two sons W. A. Stanley of 3223 Freemont Street and A. P. Stanley of 840 Reynolda Rd.; a sister, Mrs. Jane Burton of Elkin; 17 grandchildren and 24 great grandchildren. The body will be at Wall Glade Hill Chapel pending the completion of funeral plans.
Children of ALICE CHILDRESS and PLEASANT STANLEY are:
i. LILLIE5 STANLEY, b. c. 1906.
ii. WILLIAM ABRAHAM STANLEY, b. 1903; d. 1988.
iii. PEARLIE JANE STANLEY, b. 03/14/1908, Mt. Airy, Surry Co., NC; d. 03/06/1969, Winston-Salem, NC; m. CLARENCE ACY WINDSOR, 07/23/1925; b. 06/25/1907; d. 02/19/1989, Charleston, IL..
More About PEARLIE JANE STANLEY:
Burial: 03/08/1969, Woodland Cemetery, Section 22, Line G, Lot 4, Forsyth Co., NC
More About CLARENCE ACY WINDSOR:
Burial: 1989, Mound Cemetery, Charleston, IL
Military: Sergeant, World War II14
Occupation: Painter
iv. IMA STANLEY, b. c. 1910.
v. ARVIL PLEASANT STANLEY, b. 11/02/1912; d. 03/17/1990; m. BONNIE JEAN NEAL15; b. 1922; d. 1996.
Endnotes
1. Personal communication with Norma Jeanne Axsom Zanetti, Descendant.
2. Brent H. Holcomb, Marriages of Surry County North Carolina 1779-1868, (1982 Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, MD), p. 8, George H. Kimbrough, bondsman.
3. Brent H. Holcomb, Marriages of Surry County North Carolina 1779-1868, (1982 Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, MD).
4. Brent H. Holcomb, Marriages of Surry County North Carolina 1779-1868, (1982 Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, MD), 8.
5. Brent H. Holcomb, Marriages of Surry County North Carolina 1779-1868, (1982 Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, MD).
6. Donald W. Stanley, Anne E. Sheek, Hazell R. Hartman, Forsyth County NC Cemetery Records, Vol IV, (1973 Hunter Publishing Co., Winston-Salem, NC 27103), p. 835.
7. Brent H. Holcomb, Marriages of Surry County North Carolina 1779-1868, (1982 Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, MD), p. 8, Joseph Axsom, bondsman; T. V. Hamlin, witness.
8. Personal communication with Norma Jeanne Axsom Zanetti, Descendant.
9. Personal communication with Elizabeth Lue Windsor.
10. Brent H. Holcomb, Marriages of Surry County North Carolina 1779-1868, (1982 Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, MD), 36, F. A. Axsom, bondsman, marriage performed by Joseph Axsom, Justice of the Peace.
11. Brent H. Holcomb, Marriages of Surry County North Carolina 1779-1868, (1982 Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, MD), 36.
12. Donald W. Stanley, Anne E. Sheek, Hazell R. Hartman, Forsyth County NC Cemetery Records, Vol. V, (1977 Hunter Publishing Co., Winston-Salem, NC 27103), p. 1222.
13. Personal communication with Elizabeth Lue Windsor.
14. Katie Windsor Thomasson, Isaac Windsor (1753-1821) From Maryland to North Carolina - Descendants and Some Related Families, (Unpublished), 56.
15. Newspaper clipping - Family File.
http://gail4orce.com/axsom.htm
Generation No. 1
1. JOSEPH H.1 AXSOM, SR. was born 1778, and died 1833 in Surry Co., NC1. He married NANCY MAY UNK c. 1803. She was born 02/06/1783 in Surry Co., NC1, and died 12/24/1854 in Surry Co., NC.
More About JOSEPH H. AXSOM, SR.:
Census: 1810, Surry Co., NC1
Named in Tax List 1: 1809, Rowan Co., NC (188 acres)1
Named in Tax List 2: 1812, Surry Co., NC (no acreage)1
Children of JOSEPH AXSOM and NANCY UNK are:
2. i. MARTIN2 AXSOM, b. 06/10/1804; d. 01/02/1873, Surry Co., NC.
ii. SAMUEL DAVID AXSOM, b. 07/30/1805.
3. iii. ANDREW AXSOM, b. 1809, NC; d. 07/1889, Surry Co., NC.
iv. ELIZABETH AXSOM, b. 1811.
v. NELLY AXSOM, b. 1814.
vi. NANCY E. AXSOM, b. 1815.
4. vii. JOSEPH H. AXSOM, JR., b. 1816.
viii. JAMES AXSOM, b. 1820.
ix. ALEXANDER AXSOM, b. 1822.
x. MARY AXSOM, b. 1822.
Generation No. 2
2. MARTIN2 AXSOM (JOSEPH H.1) was born 06/10/1804, and died 01/02/1873 in Surry Co., NC. He married SUSANNAH LUNDY 05/03/1826 in Surry Co., NC2. She was born 12/13/1798, and died 04/10/1879 in Surry Co., NC.
Notes for MARTIN AXSOM:
AXSOM FAMILY CEMETERY, Surry County, NC -
Directions: From Hwy 601 S at Fairview Crossroads, follow NC 268 W for approximately 2 miles. Turn left on SR 1113 (Gilliam Rd. - dead end). Follow the road to an abandoned farmhouse (Old Lee Cockerham Farm). Follow the old road bed in front of the house for approximately 1/4 mile. The cemetery is located in a copse of trees to the right. There are eighteen (18) graves in the cemetery. Eight (8) of those graves have inscribed tombstones. The remaining 10 graves are marked with rocks.
Prepared by Norma Axsom Zanetti - (descendant) June 1998
More About MARTIN AXSOM:
Burial: 1873, Axsom Family Cemetery, Surry Co., NC
Child of MARTIN AXSOM and SUSANNAH LUNDY is:
i. ISAAC LUNDY3 AXSOM, b. 04/11/1823; d. 06/30/1840; Stepchild.
3. ANDREW2 AXSOM (JOSEPH H.1)3 was born 1809 in NC, and died 07/1889 in Surry Co., NC. He married ELIZABETH WELDON3 07/29/1830 in Surry Co., NC4. She was born 1812, and died Bet. 1880 - 1884.
More About ANDREW AXSOM and ELIZABETH WELDON:
Marriage Bondsman: 07/29/1830, David Reavis5
Marriage Witness: 07/29/1830, E. Rutledge5
Children of ANDREW AXSOM and ELIZABETH WELDON are:
i. WILLIAM E.3 AXSOM, b. 05/08/1832; d. 04/01/19056; m. CHARITY L. UNK; b. 10/21/18366; d. 08/02/19006.
Notes for WILLIAM E. AXSOM:
Tombstone lists name as "Axson."
More About WILLIAM E. AXSOM:
Burial: Salem Cemetery, Forsyth Co., NC6
More About CHARITY L. UNK:
Burial: Salem Cemetery, Forsyth Co., NC6
ii. MARY AXSOM, b. c. 1833.
iii. SAMUEL J. AXSOM, b. 1836; m. PHEBE NICHOLSON, 12/19/1857, Surry Co., NC7.
iv. JOSEPH H. AXSOM, b. 1839.
v. LUCY E. AXSOM, b. 1841.
vi. SARAH B. AXSOM, b. 1843.
5. vii. SUSAN JANE AXSOM, b. 03/27/1844, Surry Co., NC; d. 05/08/1921, Surry Co., NC.
viii. MARTIN AXSOM, b. 1845.
ix. MARTHA L. AXSOM, b. 1848.
4. JOSEPH H.2 AXSOM, JR. (JOSEPH H.1) was born 1816.
Child of JOSEPH H. AXSOM, JR. is:
i. ABRAHAM SETLIFF3 AXSOM, b. 10/29/1854; d. 10/11/1856.
More About ABRAHAM SETLIFF AXSOM:
Burial: 1856, Axsom Family Cemetery, Surry Co., NC8,8.
Generation No. 3
5. SUSAN JANE3 AXSOM (ANDREW2, JOSEPH H.1) was born 03/27/1844 in Surry Co., NC, and died 05/08/1921 in Surry Co., NC. She married THOMAS WINSTON CHILDRESS9 08/12/1866 in Surry Co., NC10. He was born 08/30/1832 in Surry Co., NC, and died 08/22/1882.
More About THOMAS CHILDRESS and SUSAN AXSOM:
Marriage Bond: 08/11/1866
Married By: 08/12/1866, Joseph Axsom, Justice of the Peace11
Children of SUSAN AXSOM and THOMAS CHILDRESS are:
i. LILLIE4 CHILDRESS.
ii. JOSEPH ALFRED CHILDRESS, b. c. 1867.
iii. MARTIN PRESTON CHILDRESS, b. 06/09/1869.
iv. ENOS R. CHILDRESS, b. 04/28/1871; d. 08/10/193912.
More About ENOS R. CHILDRESS:
Burial: 1939, Woodland Cemetery, Forsyth Co., NC12
v. THOMAS DOLPHUS FRANCIS CHILDRESS, b. 05/23/1873.
vi. EMMA L. CHILDRESS, b. 04/20/1875.
vii. JANE MALINDA CHILDRESS, b. 06/02/1877; m. UNK BURTON.
6. viii. ALICE ELIZA CHILDRESS, b. 11/01/1879, Marsh Township, Surry Co., NC; d. 04/24/1959, Winston Salem, NC.
ix. L. M. CHILDRESS, b. 07/12/1882.
Generation No. 4
6. ALICE ELIZA4 CHILDRESS (SUSAN JANE3 AXSOM, ANDREW2, JOSEPH H.1) was born 11/01/1879 in Marsh Township, Surry Co., NC13, and died 04/24/1959 in Winston Salem, NC. She married PLEASANT LUTHER STANLEY 06/07/1901, son of PLEASANT STANLEY and RACHEL PHILLIPS. He was born 07/1882 in Marsh Township, Surry Co., NC, and died 12/24/1943 in Winston Salem, NC.
Notes for ALICE ELIZA CHILDRESS:
OBITUARY: Forsyth Co., NC 4/25/1959 --- Mrs. Eliza Childress Stanley 79, of Owen Drive, widow of Pleasant Luther Stanley, died at 7:30pm yesterday at a Winston-Salem hospital. She had been in declining health 3 1/2 years and seriously ill nine weeks. Mrs. Stanley was born Nov. 1, 1879 in Surry County, the daughter of Winston and Jane Axsom Childress. She moved from Surry County to Winston-Salem in 1921. She was a member of College Park Baptist Church. She was married in 1900. Her husband died Dec. 24, 1943. Surviving are three daughters, Mrs. Lillie Williams of Owen Drive, Mrs. C. A. Windsor of 1134 S. Hawthorne Road and Mrs. Ima Wooten of 1415 Salisbury Road; two sons W. A. Stanley of 3223 Freemont Street and A. P. Stanley of 840 Reynolda Rd.; a sister, Mrs. Jane Burton of Elkin; 17 grandchildren and 24 great grandchildren. The body will be at Wall Glade Hill Chapel pending the completion of funeral plans.
Children of ALICE CHILDRESS and PLEASANT STANLEY are:
i. LILLIE5 STANLEY, b. c. 1906.
ii. WILLIAM ABRAHAM STANLEY, b. 1903; d. 1988.
iii. PEARLIE JANE STANLEY, b. 03/14/1908, Mt. Airy, Surry Co., NC; d. 03/06/1969, Winston-Salem, NC; m. CLARENCE ACY WINDSOR, 07/23/1925; b. 06/25/1907; d. 02/19/1989, Charleston, IL..
More About PEARLIE JANE STANLEY:
Burial: 03/08/1969, Woodland Cemetery, Section 22, Line G, Lot 4, Forsyth Co., NC
More About CLARENCE ACY WINDSOR:
Burial: 1989, Mound Cemetery, Charleston, IL
Military: Sergeant, World War II14
Occupation: Painter
iv. IMA STANLEY, b. c. 1910.
v. ARVIL PLEASANT STANLEY, b. 11/02/1912; d. 03/17/1990; m. BONNIE JEAN NEAL15; b. 1922; d. 1996.
Endnotes
1. Personal communication with Norma Jeanne Axsom Zanetti, Descendant.
2. Brent H. Holcomb, Marriages of Surry County North Carolina 1779-1868, (1982 Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, MD), p. 8, George H. Kimbrough, bondsman.
3. Brent H. Holcomb, Marriages of Surry County North Carolina 1779-1868, (1982 Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, MD).
4. Brent H. Holcomb, Marriages of Surry County North Carolina 1779-1868, (1982 Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, MD), 8.
5. Brent H. Holcomb, Marriages of Surry County North Carolina 1779-1868, (1982 Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, MD).
6. Donald W. Stanley, Anne E. Sheek, Hazell R. Hartman, Forsyth County NC Cemetery Records, Vol IV, (1973 Hunter Publishing Co., Winston-Salem, NC 27103), p. 835.
7. Brent H. Holcomb, Marriages of Surry County North Carolina 1779-1868, (1982 Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, MD), p. 8, Joseph Axsom, bondsman; T. V. Hamlin, witness.
8. Personal communication with Norma Jeanne Axsom Zanetti, Descendant.
9. Personal communication with Elizabeth Lue Windsor.
10. Brent H. Holcomb, Marriages of Surry County North Carolina 1779-1868, (1982 Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, MD), 36, F. A. Axsom, bondsman, marriage performed by Joseph Axsom, Justice of the Peace.
11. Brent H. Holcomb, Marriages of Surry County North Carolina 1779-1868, (1982 Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, MD), 36.
12. Donald W. Stanley, Anne E. Sheek, Hazell R. Hartman, Forsyth County NC Cemetery Records, Vol. V, (1977 Hunter Publishing Co., Winston-Salem, NC 27103), p. 1222.
13. Personal communication with Elizabeth Lue Windsor.
14. Katie Windsor Thomasson, Isaac Windsor (1753-1821) From Maryland to North Carolina - Descendants and Some Related Families, (Unpublished), 56.
15. Newspaper clipping - Family File.
http://gail4orce.com/axsom.htm
Danny Axsom
http://axsom.socialpsychology.org/
Professor Axsom has research interests in social psychology, social-clinical interface, attitudes and social cognition.
Institution
Virginia Tech
Current Position
Associate Professor
Highest Degree
Ph.D. in Social Psychology from Princeton University, 1984
Online Media
LinkedIn Profile
Danny Axsom
Faculty, Department of Psychology
Faculty, Clinical Psychology
Associate Faculty, Psychological Services Center
Professor Axsom has research interests in social psychology, social-clinical interface, attitudes and social cognition.
Institution
Virginia Tech
Current Position
Associate Professor
Highest Degree
Ph.D. in Social Psychology from Princeton University, 1984
Online Media
LinkedIn Profile
Danny Axsom
Faculty, Department of Psychology
Faculty, Clinical Psychology
Associate Faculty, Psychological Services Center
Sensei John "Moose" Axsom is the personal student
Home
Karate
Sensei
Specials
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Sensei Moose
of Kyoshi CD Williamson (Hachidan-8th Degree Black Belt, 40 years training and teaching experience and former Kick-boxer) of Niceville, Florida. Sensei Moose, as Kyoshi Williamson nicknamed him at age 9, has over 14 years of karate teaching experience and over 18 years of training experience. Sensei Moose and his teacher travel to Okinawa regularly--at least once a year--for personal training with Hanshi Shugoro Nakazato (Judan-10th Degree Black Belt and President and Founder of the Okinawa Shorin-ryu Karate-do Association). Sensei Nakazato is Chosin Chibana Sensei's personal student. Chibana Sensei is the founder of Shorin-ryu Karate in Okinawa--Chibana Sensei turned over control to Nakazato Sensei upon his death. Sensei Moose as a young man has competed in numerous tournaments, knock down fights and point matches. Likewise, Sensei Moose is a 4 year teacher with Newport News Public Schools--teaching now at Menchville High School as a 12th grade Government and 11th Grade US History student. "Our dojo will focus on the karate education of the whole student, or karate-ka, with an emphasis on culture, history, and, of course, training."
So come on down and sign up now!
John Z. Axsom 2008 Hines Middle School Teacher of the Year
Educational Background:
BA Political Science and Public Service, Hampden-Sydney College
MA, Social Science Education CNU
PMCL Educational Leadership and Policy, GWU
Karate (Empty Hand) and Kobudo (Weapons):
1997-Shodan (1st Degree Black Belt) Shorin-ryu Karate DO
1998-Nidan (2nd Degree Black Belt) Shorin-ryu Karate-Do and Shodan (1st Degree Black Belt) Okinawan Kobudo
2006-Sandan (3rd Degree Black Belt) Shorin-ryu Karate-Do and NIdan (2nd Degree Black Belt) Okinawan Kobudo
2008-Sandan (3rd Degree Black Belt) Okinawa Kobudo
2009-Yondan (4th Degree Black Belt) Shorin-ryu Karate-do
2010-Yondan (4th Degree Black Belt) Okinawa Kobudo
2011-Godan (5th Degree Black Belt) Okinawa Karate
Sensei Moose began training in traditional karate in 1992—it was his 10th birthday gift. Under the tutelage of Kyoshi CD Williamson, Sensei Moose developed a strong counter fighting style of jiyu Kumite (free sparring). In 1997 and 1998, Sensei Moose won 1st place in the black belt division at Louis Clay’s Petersburg Open—still the largest open tournament in Virginia. IN 1996, Sensei Moose accompanied his teacher to the Olympic Games in Atlanta, Georgia. The Shorinkan, under the direction of Hanshi Shugoro Nakazato (Judan-10th dan) had been asked by the Olympic committee to put on a demonstration. Over three hundred people were a part of a weekend long training/demo in honor of the Olympics. In 1998, Sensei moose fought at the Battle of the Beach winning all three matches—in his third fight, his opponent gave up due to intense body shots. Sensei Moose, though he teaches point sparring, now specifically focuses on iri Okinawan style Kumite, that is about power, determination and speed—holding your own and delivering controlled, hard hitting blows to one’s opponent. In 2006, Sensei Moose traveled to Okinawa to train at the Hombu Dojo (Sensei Nakazato’s Association Headquarters) with Sensei Nakazato and his high ranking Kudans, Hachidans, and Nanadans (All 9th, 8th, and 7th degree black-belts). Since the trip in 2006, Sensei has returned four additional times to Okinawa and Japan for training. Kata, Kumite, and Kobudo are the things that Sensei Moose teaches to his deshi (students). Come learn the old style of shuri-te that is now Shorin-ryu, and get a true taste of traditional karate-do at the Oushi-Musu No Yakata!
http://www.axsommartialarts.com/Sensei.html
Monday, March 19, 2012
William Cullen Bryant, Author of America
by Gilbert H Muller
a few weeks before the publication of The Fountain and Other Poems his youngest daughter, 20 year old Fanny married Parke Godwin, 26. virtually no mention of this marriage in his correspondence except a cryptic sentence in a letter to Dana: "You gave the true interpretation of my silence on another subject, so that there is no need of making any further explanation."
He did not approve of the marriage. Parke was outgoing, gregarious, enthralled by socialist causes, the opposite of his own personality.
he wrote typically warm letters to daughter Julia, letters to Fanny in tender moralizing tones noted faults in her shaky spelling and diction, tendancy toward boredom and frivolity, failure to write to him at any length. despite the rigorous education he had given the girls, it is thought he found her immature and not ready for marriage.
a month after the wedding, Fanny & husband moved out of the comfortable two story house on Ninth Street, and he left the Evening Post. using $6000 loaned by his father-in-law, he announced he would start his own paper, The New York Morning Post. Instead he purchased the Democratic New Era.
Godwin had kept the courtship of Fanny a secret from her parents.
a few weeks before the publication of The Fountain and Other Poems his youngest daughter, 20 year old Fanny married Parke Godwin, 26. virtually no mention of this marriage in his correspondence except a cryptic sentence in a letter to Dana: "You gave the true interpretation of my silence on another subject, so that there is no need of making any further explanation."
He did not approve of the marriage. Parke was outgoing, gregarious, enthralled by socialist causes, the opposite of his own personality.
he wrote typically warm letters to daughter Julia, letters to Fanny in tender moralizing tones noted faults in her shaky spelling and diction, tendancy toward boredom and frivolity, failure to write to him at any length. despite the rigorous education he had given the girls, it is thought he found her immature and not ready for marriage.
a month after the wedding, Fanny & husband moved out of the comfortable two story house on Ninth Street, and he left the Evening Post. using $6000 loaned by his father-in-law, he announced he would start his own paper, The New York Morning Post. Instead he purchased the Democratic New Era.
Godwin had kept the courtship of Fanny a secret from her parents.
!
and we have completed the first box of the aunt minerva collection....will have to trade it in for box #2!!!
Mitchell Cemetery, Harrison county, MO
aunt minerva collection
BROWN
Emma
Mary C. wife of FM Oct 7 1872 30y6m18d
Lydia dau of FM & MC Jan 25 1868
Sarah M wife of FM mar 11 1863 26y7m
Infant dau of FM & MC Jan 25 1868
Jane wife of Thomas Oct 6 1861 50y6m13d
Daniel son of T&J Nov 26 1845 4y6m13d
Infant dau of T&J Feb 14 1855 14d
Alice wife of John A 1871-1945
John A 1866-1946
Moses Dec 15 1843 64y2m25d
Elizabeth wife of Moses Sept 9 1846 66y7m25d
Joshua A son of JA & SP Dec 8 1861 17y4m2d
Harriet V 1850-1916 dau of Jacob A & Sarah (Canton)md1 Charles Swint, 2 FM Brown
FM d. Mar 2 1914 unmarked
Cleo May unmarked
Inf of BH unmarked
Jacob Moses 1936 83y unmarked
wife of Jacob Moses unmarked
Mary A 1926-1926 ch of Tom & Dora
Herbert R 1920-1925 ch of Tom & Dora
Cleo M 1908-1909 ch of Tom & Dora
Edith E 1907-1908 ch of Tom & Dora
Thomas A Mar 18 1876-Sept 28 1950 son of Rev DC & Martha Jane
Dora M Jan 4 1885-July 21 1972 w/o Tom, dau of WmG & Emma White Gardner
Sarah B "Our Mother" d-1879 68y5m13d
Sarah E w/o JM died 1892 38y4m10d (1855-1893?)
Infant son of JM & SE 1874
Daisy
Jacob A Apr 2 1875 66y17d
James Armfield
Charley son of William unmarked
HARRISON
AP Feb 10 1860-Mar 27 1925 son of Alexander & HArriet
Louisa P his wife 14Nov1855-? dau of John & Mary Ann Nicholson Williams
{Harriett Hughes Harrison was the 2nd wife of my great grandpa JC Maxwell. her first husband and father of her children died in the Civil War.}
MAXWELL
Mary d.Apr 26 1944
Eva d. July 19 1941
BROWN
Emma
Mary C. wife of FM Oct 7 1872 30y6m18d
Lydia dau of FM & MC Jan 25 1868
Sarah M wife of FM mar 11 1863 26y7m
Infant dau of FM & MC Jan 25 1868
Jane wife of Thomas Oct 6 1861 50y6m13d
Daniel son of T&J Nov 26 1845 4y6m13d
Infant dau of T&J Feb 14 1855 14d
Alice wife of John A 1871-1945
John A 1866-1946
Moses Dec 15 1843 64y2m25d
Elizabeth wife of Moses Sept 9 1846 66y7m25d
Joshua A son of JA & SP Dec 8 1861 17y4m2d
Harriet V 1850-1916 dau of Jacob A & Sarah (Canton)md1 Charles Swint, 2 FM Brown
FM d. Mar 2 1914 unmarked
Cleo May unmarked
Inf of BH unmarked
Jacob Moses 1936 83y unmarked
wife of Jacob Moses unmarked
Mary A 1926-1926 ch of Tom & Dora
Herbert R 1920-1925 ch of Tom & Dora
Cleo M 1908-1909 ch of Tom & Dora
Edith E 1907-1908 ch of Tom & Dora
Thomas A Mar 18 1876-Sept 28 1950 son of Rev DC & Martha Jane
Dora M Jan 4 1885-July 21 1972 w/o Tom, dau of WmG & Emma White Gardner
Sarah B "Our Mother" d-1879 68y5m13d
Sarah E w/o JM died 1892 38y4m10d (1855-1893?)
Infant son of JM & SE 1874
Daisy
Jacob A Apr 2 1875 66y17d
James Armfield
Charley son of William unmarked
HARRISON
AP Feb 10 1860-Mar 27 1925 son of Alexander & HArriet
Louisa P his wife 14Nov1855-? dau of John & Mary Ann Nicholson Williams
{Harriett Hughes Harrison was the 2nd wife of my great grandpa JC Maxwell. her first husband and father of her children died in the Civil War.}
MAXWELL
Mary d.Apr 26 1944
Eva d. July 19 1941
aunt minerva collection
Francis Rush Orton
Bernice Delora Cousins-Douglas
married June 25 1933
Norma Jean Orton March 20 1936
Martha June Orton June 18 1939
John Francis Orton Aug 12 1945
Judie Higdon to Mrs Emma Orton
Emma's Family
Francis R. Orton November 18 1903
James H Orton March 22 1916
Ruth O Williams February 27 1924
Bernice Delora Cousins-Douglas
married June 25 1933
Norma Jean Orton March 20 1936
Martha June Orton June 18 1939
John Francis Orton Aug 12 1945
Judie Higdon to Mrs Emma Orton
Emma's Family
Francis R. Orton November 18 1903
James H Orton March 22 1916
Ruth O Williams February 27 1924
Marriage Records Harrison county Missouri Oct 1899-Feb 1917
compiled by Harrison County Genealogical Society Bethany Missouri 1995
aunt minerva collection
Ora C Axsom-Alma L McDonald Dec 23 1900 5-134
Francis M Brown-Etha M Wissler Aug 28 1904 6-32
Lewis A Brown-Maggie M Smith May 31 1913 7-260 {deb's great grandparents}
Otis Bryant-Stella Gault April 10 1915 7-408
Stephen O Bryant-Blanche Snyder May 2 1900 5-74
William P Bryant-Sedalia May Linville Sept 10 1913 7-279 (?)
Charles A Cochrane-Pearl Shafer Feb 21 1913 7-237
Thomas N Martin-Pauline Bryant July 27 1907 6-300
George Reid-Elizabeth R Bryant Jan 16 1901 5-144
James W Orton-Emilie Phyllis Higdon Feb 14 1903 5-357
Thomas W Maxwell-Gilly M Higdon April 15 1900 5-69 {deb's great grandparents}
Saleda E Shippey-Grace A Higdon Aug 31 1902 5-303
William A Smith-Lucy Higdon July 30 1900 5-94
J.W. Barton Utterback-Emma M Maxwell Mar. 17 1901 5-168
Thomas C Whited-Ruthie M Maxwell Jan 27 1911 7-91 (?)
Robert E Morris-Viola Maxwell Apr 5 1906 6-187 (?)
Harley E Maple-Cora E Stanley Aug 14 1913 7-272
John M Smith-Eva L Stanley Jan 9 1903 5-345
(?) I don't think are related.
aunt minerva collection
Ora C Axsom-Alma L McDonald Dec 23 1900 5-134
Francis M Brown-Etha M Wissler Aug 28 1904 6-32
Lewis A Brown-Maggie M Smith May 31 1913 7-260 {deb's great grandparents}
Otis Bryant-Stella Gault April 10 1915 7-408
Stephen O Bryant-Blanche Snyder May 2 1900 5-74
William P Bryant-Sedalia May Linville Sept 10 1913 7-279 (?)
Charles A Cochrane-Pearl Shafer Feb 21 1913 7-237
Thomas N Martin-Pauline Bryant July 27 1907 6-300
George Reid-Elizabeth R Bryant Jan 16 1901 5-144
James W Orton-Emilie Phyllis Higdon Feb 14 1903 5-357
Thomas W Maxwell-Gilly M Higdon April 15 1900 5-69 {deb's great grandparents}
Saleda E Shippey-Grace A Higdon Aug 31 1902 5-303
William A Smith-Lucy Higdon July 30 1900 5-94
J.W. Barton Utterback-Emma M Maxwell Mar. 17 1901 5-168
Thomas C Whited-Ruthie M Maxwell Jan 27 1911 7-91 (?)
Robert E Morris-Viola Maxwell Apr 5 1906 6-187 (?)
Harley E Maple-Cora E Stanley Aug 14 1913 7-272
John M Smith-Eva L Stanley Jan 9 1903 5-345
(?) I don't think are related.
William Cullen Bryant contributing editor Allison Heisch
she is discussing classroom issues and strategies.
Most of Bryant's poems are ruminative poems about nature of life, nature of nature. some students like, most don't. (I myself dont' understand it! deb)
He was a writer not only popular but famous in his time.
an example of how American high culture reinvented itself.
New Englanders with an intellectual bent wanted to establish an acceptable American literary voice.
students never expect a nineteenth century newspaper to contain poetry.
Thanatopsis is often read as a proto-Transcendentalist poem, but was published by his Calvinist father.
Most of Bryant's poems are ruminative poems about nature of life, nature of nature. some students like, most don't. (I myself dont' understand it! deb)
He was a writer not only popular but famous in his time.
an example of how American high culture reinvented itself.
New Englanders with an intellectual bent wanted to establish an acceptable American literary voice.
students never expect a nineteenth century newspaper to contain poetry.
Thanatopsis is often read as a proto-Transcendentalist poem, but was published by his Calvinist father.
William Cullen Bryant was born in Cummington, Massachusetts,
on November 3 1794. A lawyer by training, he tired of his profession after 10 years in practice and moved to New York City in 1825, where he became the editor of the New York Review and Atheneum Magazine. Undaunted by the publication's failure the following year, he remained in the city and signed on as an editorial assistant with the New York Evening Post, eventually rising to part owner and editor in chief.
Bryant used the Post to crusade for the causes in which he believed, among them free trade, free speech, and the abolition of slavery. A leader of the anti-slavery Free-Soil movement within the Democratic Party, he was one of the founders of the Republican Party. He was also an early political backer of Abraham Lincoln and a staunch supporter of the Union during the War Between the States.
Among Bryant's major works were Thanatopsis and his own versions of The Illyiad and The Odyssey. After living a long life and amassing great wealth, Bryant died after a fall in 1878. He was 84 years old.
Bryant used the Post to crusade for the causes in which he believed, among them free trade, free speech, and the abolition of slavery. A leader of the anti-slavery Free-Soil movement within the Democratic Party, he was one of the founders of the Republican Party. He was also an early political backer of Abraham Lincoln and a staunch supporter of the Union during the War Between the States.
Among Bryant's major works were Thanatopsis and his own versions of The Illyiad and The Odyssey. After living a long life and amassing great wealth, Bryant died after a fall in 1878. He was 84 years old.
Parke Godwin, journalist
wikipedia
Parke Godwin (journalist)
Godwin was born on February 28, 1816, in Paterson, New Jersey.[1] His father was an officer in the war of 1812, and his grandfather a soldier of the American Revolution. He graduated from Princeton University in 1834, studied law, and was admitted to the bar of Kentucky, but did not practice. He married the eldest daughter of William Cullen Bryant,[2] and moved to New York City in 1837.[3]
He became interested in journalism and by 1830s was writing for the Evening Post and The United States Magazine and Democratic Review under John L. O'Sullivan.[3] The reforms he advocated in the Democratic Review were subsequently introduced into the constitution and code of New York. Except for one year, he was connected with the Evening Post from 1837 to 1853. In 1842 or 1843 he ran a weekly called Pathfinder, but it only lasted three months.[2][4]
He was deputy collector in the New York Custom House under President James K. Polk, an early member of the Republican Party, and a consistent advocate of free trade.[4] He supported the Republicans with speeches and writing.[2]
He became a supporter of Fourierism and wrote a book which became an authority on the movement.[5] However, in 1845, he was critical of the work of Albert Brisbane and his view of Associationism, though he still contributed to the new incarnation of Brisbane's journal The Phalanx printed at Brook Farm in Massachusetts.[6] Godwin saw these sorts of communities as embracing the democratic ideals and equal rights.[7] Further, he believed there was a connection between democracy and religion; as he said "Christianity and Democracy are one."[8] In May 1846, Godwin was elected Foreign Corresponding Secretary of the New England Fourier Society.[9]
In 1850, Godwin and his family allowed Catharine Forrest to stay with them during the public scandal that erupted surrounding her divorce from actor Edwin Forrest.[10] Also in the 1850s, Godwin became an ardent abolitionist and felt that slavery diluted the American concept. In 1855, he asked: "What is America, and who are Americans? ...The real American gives his mind and heart to the grand constituent ideas of the republic... no matter whether his corporeal chemistry was first ignited in Kamschatka [sic] or the moon".[11] Godwin was against slavery, but ridiculed the New England reform movements for not attempting to impact the rest of the country. He said, "If the Deity should consult New England about making a new world, they would advise that it should be made the size of Massachusetts, have no city but Boston and insist in making an occasional donation to a charitable institution and uttering shallow anti-slavery sentiments."[12]
Godwin became an associate editor of Putnam's Magazine with George William Curtis under managing editor Charles Frederick Briggs; the three also collaborated on a gift book called The Homes of American Authors (1852).[13] Godwin expressed his antislavery sentiments in Putnam's and criticized then-president Franklin Pierce; backlash from Democrats hurt the circulation of the magazine, especially after November 1854, when Godwin published his essay "American Despotisms".[14] In 1857, he and fellow editor Curtis supported Frederick Law Olmsted as designer of Central Park.[15]
In 1865, Godwin returned to the Evening Post.[2] He became sole editor of Putnam's from January 1868 to November 1870. Later, he edited the posthumous works of William Cullen Bryant as Poetical Works (1883) and Complete Prose Writings (1884) as well as A Biography of William Cullen Bryant, with Extracts from his private Correspondence (1883).
Godwin died of an illness at 5:30 a.m. on January 7, 1904, at his New York home, surrounded by several of his daughters.[16]
[ Works
Wikisource has original works written by or about: Parke Godwin
Besides the works mentioned above, he wrote:
Popular View of the Doctrines of Charles Fourier (New York, 1844)
Constructive Democracy (1851)
Vala, a Mythological Tale (1851)
A Handbook of Universal Biography (1851; new ed., entitled Cyclopedia of Biography, 1871)
Political Essays (1856)
History of France (1st vol., 1861)
Out of the Past, a volume of essays (1870)
New Study of Shakespeare's Sonnets (1901)
He made translations from the prose of Goethe, Fouqué, and Zschokke.[4]
[edit] References
1.^ Baker, Carlos. "Parke Godwin: Pathfinder in Politics and Journalism", Lives of Eighteen from Princeton. Willard Thorp, editor. Princeton University Press, 1946: 213. ISBN 0836909410
2.^ a b c d "Godwin, Parke". Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. 1900.
3.^ a b Guarneri, Carl J. The Utopian Alternative: Fourierism in Nineteenth Century America. New York: Cornell University Press, 1991: 40. ISBN 0-8014-8197-X
4.^ a b c "Godwin, Parke". New International Encyclopedia. 1906.
5.^ Baker, Carlos. "Parke Godwin: Pathfinder in Politics and Journalism", Lives of Eighteen from Princeton. Willard Thorp, editor. Princeton University Press, 1946: 218. ISBN 0836909410
6.^ Delano, Sterling F. Brook Farm: The Dark Side of Utopia. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2004: 219. ISBN 0-674-01160-0
7.^ Guarneri, Carl J. The Utopian Alternative: Fourierism in Nineteenth Century America. New York: Cornell University Press, 1991: 42. ISBN 0-8014-8197-X
8.^ Widmer, Edward L. Young America: The Flowering of Democracy in New York City. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999: 40. ISBN 0-19-514062-1
9.^ Delano, Sterling F. Brook Farm: The Dark Side of Utopia. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2004: 270–271. ISBN 0-674-01160-0
10.^ Baker, Thomas N. Nathaniel Parker Willis and the Trials of Literary Fame. New York, Oxford University Press, 2001: 117. ISBN 0-19-512073-6
11.^ Widmer, Edward L. Young America: The Flowering of Democracy in New York City. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999: 214–215. ISBN 0-19-514062-1
12.^ Widmer, Edward L. Young America: The Flowering of Democracy in New York City. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999: 62. ISBN 0-19-514062-1
13.^ Baker, Carlos. "Parke Godwin: Pathfinder in Politics and Journalism", Lives of Eighteen from Princeton. Willard Thorp, editor. Princeton University Press, 1946: 220. ISBN 0836909410
14.^ Miller, Perry. The Raven and the Whale: Poe, Melville, and the New York Literary Scene. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997 (first printed 1956): 319. ISBN 0-8018-5750-3
15.^ Klaus, Melvin. Frederick Law Olmsted: The Passion of a Public Artist. New York: New York University Press, 186. ISBN 9780814746189
16.^ Baker, Carlos. "Parke Godwin: Pathfinder in Politics and Journalism", Lives of Eighteen from Princeton. Willard Thorp, editor. Princeton University Press, 1946: 230. ISBN 0836909410
The Tower of Beowulf
by Parke Godwin (William Cullen Bryant's son-in-law)
A reconstruction of the tale of Beowulf finds a disgruntled young warrior engaging in suicidal battle in order to convince himself that he is not a coward, until his confrontations with Grendel and his mother make him a renowned hero. 10,000 first printing
some books about William Cullen Bryant
William Cullen Bryant by John Bigelow
William Cullen Bryant Author of America by Gilbert H Muller
William Cullen Bryant by William Aspenwall Bradley
William Cullen Bryant by Charles Henry Brown
William Cullen Bryant A Biography by David Jayne Hill
William Cullen Bryant A Biographical Sketch :with selections from his poems and other writings by Andrew James Symington
A Biography of William Cullen Bryant with Extracts from His Private Correspondence by Parke Godwin
William Cullen Bryant by Albert F McLean
William Cullen Bryant, An American Voice William Cullen Bryant, Frank Gado, Nicholas B Stevens
To William Cullen Bryant, at Eighty Years, from His Friends and Countrymen by Bryant Testimonial Committee
Political Works of William Cullen Bryant William Cullen Bryant
The Letters of William Cullen Bryant 1858-1864 Vol. 4 William Cullen Bryant
The Letters of William Cullen Bryant 1809-1836 Vol. 1 William Cullen Bryant, Thomas G. Voss
Letters of William Cullen Bryant 1836-1849 Vol. 2 William Cullen Bryant
Politics and a Belly-Full: The Journalistic Career of William Cullen Byrant, Civil War Editor of the New York Evening Post by Curtiss S Johnson
Under Open Sky: Poet on William Cullen Bryant by Norbert Krapf
William Cullen Bryant
William Cullen Bryant and His America: Centennial Conference Proceedings, 1878-1978 by Stanley Brodwin, Michael D'Innocenzo
William Cullen Bryant Author of America by Gilbert H Muller
William Cullen Bryant by William Aspenwall Bradley
William Cullen Bryant by Charles Henry Brown
William Cullen Bryant A Biography by David Jayne Hill
William Cullen Bryant A Biographical Sketch :with selections from his poems and other writings by Andrew James Symington
A Biography of William Cullen Bryant with Extracts from His Private Correspondence by Parke Godwin
William Cullen Bryant by Albert F McLean
William Cullen Bryant, An American Voice William Cullen Bryant, Frank Gado, Nicholas B Stevens
To William Cullen Bryant, at Eighty Years, from His Friends and Countrymen by Bryant Testimonial Committee
Political Works of William Cullen Bryant William Cullen Bryant
The Letters of William Cullen Bryant 1858-1864 Vol. 4 William Cullen Bryant
The Letters of William Cullen Bryant 1809-1836 Vol. 1 William Cullen Bryant, Thomas G. Voss
Letters of William Cullen Bryant 1836-1849 Vol. 2 William Cullen Bryant
Politics and a Belly-Full: The Journalistic Career of William Cullen Byrant, Civil War Editor of the New York Evening Post by Curtiss S Johnson
Under Open Sky: Poet on William Cullen Bryant by Norbert Krapf
William Cullen Bryant
William Cullen Bryant and His America: Centennial Conference Proceedings, 1878-1978 by Stanley Brodwin, Michael D'Innocenzo
Dictionary of Irish Family Names
by Ira Grehan pages 39-40 BRYANT
surname was originally BRYAN, no connectoin with any Irish name. A popular family name in rural Brittany, came to England when the Bretons joined the Normans-conquest of England 1066. Up until the nineteenth century, Bryant's were found mainly in north of England: Yorkshire, Westmoreland & Furness. Probably arrived in Ireland with armies of the Commonwealth, not in any great numbers. Only about a couple dozen found in Ireland toay. Bryan much more common surname.
Sir Arthur Bryant was one of England's most distinguished twentieth-century historians. Bryant name well-presented in army & navy lists. Retired Rear Admiral Bryant managed a Rolls-Royce in Scotland. But the most outstanding Bryants are in the USA. WILLIAM CULLEN BRYANT 1794-1878: barrister, politician, forged new frontiers in poetry, and wrote a number of travel books.
surname was originally BRYAN, no connectoin with any Irish name. A popular family name in rural Brittany, came to England when the Bretons joined the Normans-conquest of England 1066. Up until the nineteenth century, Bryant's were found mainly in north of England: Yorkshire, Westmoreland & Furness. Probably arrived in Ireland with armies of the Commonwealth, not in any great numbers. Only about a couple dozen found in Ireland toay. Bryan much more common surname.
Sir Arthur Bryant was one of England's most distinguished twentieth-century historians. Bryant name well-presented in army & navy lists. Retired Rear Admiral Bryant managed a Rolls-Royce in Scotland. But the most outstanding Bryants are in the USA. WILLIAM CULLEN BRYANT 1794-1878: barrister, politician, forged new frontiers in poetry, and wrote a number of travel books.
The Heritage of Missouri A History
by Duane Meyer, Ph.D. Professor of History and Dean of Instruction Southewest Missouri State College copyright 1963
contained on page one an excerpt from William Cullen Bryant's "The Prairies."
contained on page one an excerpt from William Cullen Bryant's "The Prairies."
Bad Land An American Romance
by Jonathan Raban pp150-1
talking about the school textbooks of children in Whitney Creek...which contained the story of man and his achievements...Ulysses' adventures, Jason and the golden fleece along with fabulous life stories of great Americans like ....William Cullen Bryant.
talking about the school textbooks of children in Whitney Creek...which contained the story of man and his achievements...Ulysses' adventures, Jason and the golden fleece along with fabulous life stories of great Americans like ....William Cullen Bryant.
http://www.berkshireweb.com/trustees/bryant.html
The William Cullen Bryant Homestead
Cummington, Massachusetts
A tree-lined drive leads the visitor back in time to the boyhood home and later summer residence of William Cullen Bryant (1794-1878), one of America's foremost literary figures.
Set on a hillside, the Homestead looks over the valley of the Westfield River with views of the Hampshire Hills beyond. Built in 1785, it is filled with Bryant's furnishings and momentoes of his lifetime.
For many summers the noted editor and poet returned to this congenial retreat in Cummington which inspired some of his finest verse. Those who visit the Homestead today will find the refreshment of spirit it gave him.
Directions
From the intersection of Routes 9 and 112 south 1.5 mile. At five-way intersection, go straight on Bryant Road .2 mile. Entrance on right. Parking area.
Open last Friday in June through Labor Day: Fri., Sat., Sun. and holidays. Labor Day through Columbus Day: Sat., Sun. and holidays. 1 to 5 pm. Free to members of The Trustees of Reservations. Admission fee for non-members. Guided tours. Group tours by reservation only. For information, call (413) 634-2244.
The Trustees of Reservations is dedicated to preserving properties of exceptional scenic, historic and ecological value throughout the Commonwealth. Founded in 1891, it is a non-profit conservation organization and relies for support entirely upon membership dues, admission fees and voluntary contributions. The William Cullen Bryant Homestead, one of the 83 properties of The Trustees, is a National Historic Landmark.
Join The Trustees and help support the management of properties like The William Cullen Bryant Homestead.
For more information about membership in The Trustees of Reservations, please contact:
The Trustees of Reservations
Western Regional Office
The Mission House
P.O. Box 792, Sergeant Street
Stockbridge, MA 01262
(413) 298-3239
www.thetrustees.org
William Cullen Bryant was a young lawyer when his first poem
"Thanatopsis" first appeared in the North American Review in 1817. Inspired by the romantic lyrics of William Wordsworth, Bryant found his subject in the American landscape, especially that of New England. By 1825, critics on both sides of the Atlantic called him the finest poet in the United States. But reputation alone could not support his family, and in 1826 Bryant joined the New York Evening Post. By 1840, Bryant had largely abandoned poetry to become one of the country's leading advocates for abolition. From 1856 on, the Evening Post was a Republican paper, supporting the arming of abolitionist settlers in Kansas, deriding the Dred Scott decision, and celebrating John Brown as a martyr. In 1860, Bryant introduced Abraham Lincoln before the audience at Cooper Union in New York. Later, Bryant and the Evening Post influenced Lincoln's decision to issue the Emancipation Proclamation. Brady photographed the powerful editor in New York around 1860.
Sunday, March 18, 2012
very old faded copy of a partial letter
aunt minerva collection
"that he was not expected to live and started at once.
They wired us of his death late Friday evening and told us to come by and bring you but we had gone before the telegram arrived.
We arrived here yesterday at nine o'clock and he was buried at three o'clock yesterday the 20th.
I will start home Thursday evening and will come by and see you as I come home.
Mother and the children are getting along as well as can be expected.
Seth and Nannie came Friday morning they knew nothing of his injuries until they came.
As ever your brother
Hugh Higdon"
Frances Fairchild Bryant
http://www.worldcat.org/title/portrait-of-frances-fairchild-bryant/oclc/191909629&referer=brief_results
Portrait of Frances Fairchild Bryant
Author: Fredricks,
Publisher: New York : Fredricks, 585 & 587 Broadway, [18--]
Edition/Format: Image : Graphic : Photograph : English
Summary: Subject: Three-quarter-length standing portrait of Frances Fairchild Bryant (d.1865), wife of William Cullen Bryant, almost in profile to her right, wearing an unusual fur cloak.
says located at Boston Anhenaum, Boston Mass.
OCLC Number: 191909629
Notes: Ink inscription on verso identifies sitter.
Publisher's imprint on a stamp is pasted on verso.
Description: 1 photographic print : carte de visite, b&w ; image 8.9 x 5.3 cm., sheet 9.2 x 5.8 cm., mount 10 x 5.8 cm.
but doesn't show the portrait!
Portrait of Frances Fairchild Bryant
Author: Fredricks,
Publisher: New York : Fredricks, 585 & 587 Broadway, [18--]
Edition/Format: Image : Graphic : Photograph : English
Summary: Subject: Three-quarter-length standing portrait of Frances Fairchild Bryant (d.1865), wife of William Cullen Bryant, almost in profile to her right, wearing an unusual fur cloak.
says located at Boston Anhenaum, Boston Mass.
OCLC Number: 191909629
Notes: Ink inscription on verso identifies sitter.
Publisher's imprint on a stamp is pasted on verso.
Description: 1 photographic print : carte de visite, b&w ; image 8.9 x 5.3 cm., sheet 9.2 x 5.8 cm., mount 10 x 5.8 cm.
but doesn't show the portrait!
Thanatopsis
THANATOPSIS
by: William Cullen Bryant (1794-1878)
O him who in the love of Nature holds
Communion with her visible forms, she speaks
A various language; for his gayer hours
She has a voice of gladness, and a smile
And eloquence of beauty, and she glides
Into his darker musings, with a mild
And healing sympathy, that steals away
Their sharpness, ere he is aware. When thoughts
Of the last bitter hour come like a blight
Over thy spirit, and sad images
Of the stern agony, and shroud, and pall,
And breathless darkness, and the narrow house,
Make thee to shudder and grow sick at heart;--
Go forth, under the open sky, and list
To Nature's teachings, while from all around--
Earth and her waters, and the depths of air--
Comes a still voice--Yet a few days, and thee
The all-beholding sun shall see no more
In all his course; nor yet in the cold ground,
Where thy pale form was laid with many tears,
Nor in the embrace of ocean, shall exist
Thy image. Earth, that nourish'd thee, shall claim
Thy growth, to be resolved to earth again,
And, lost each human trace, surrendering up
Thine individual being, shalt thou go
To mix for ever with the elements,
To be a brother to the insensible rock,
And to the sluggish clod, which the rude swain
Turns with his share, and treads upon. The oak
Shall send his roots abroad, and pierce thy mould.
Yet not to thine eternal resting-place
Shalt thou retire alone, nor couldst thou wish
Couch more magnificent. Thou shalt lie down
With patriarchs of the infant world--with kings,
The powerful of the earth--the wise, the good,
Fair forms, and hoary seers of ages past,
All in one mighty sepulchre. The hills
Rock-ribb'd and ancient as the sun,--the vales
Stretching in pensive quietness between;
The venerable woods; rivers that move
In majesty, and the complaining brooks
That make the meadows green; and, pour'd round all,
Old Ocean's grey and melancholy waste,--
Are but the solemn decorations all
Of the great tomb of man. The golden sun,
The planets, all the infinite host of heaven,
Are shining on the sad abodes of death,
Through the still lapse of ages. All that tread
The globe are but a handful to the tribes
That slumber in its bosom.--Take the wings
Of morning, pierce the Barcan wilderness,
Or lose thyself in the continuous woods
Where rolls the Oregon and hears no sound
Save his own dashings--yet the dead are there:
And millions in those solitudes, since first
The flight of years began, have laid them down
In their last sleep--the dead reign there alone.
So shalt thou rest: and what if thou withdraw
In silence from the living, and no friend
Take note of thy departure? All that breathe
Will share thy destiny. The gay will laugh
When thou art gone, the solemn brood of care
Plod on, and each one as before will chase
His favourite phantom; yet all these shall leave
Their mirth and their employments, and shall come
And make their bed with thee. As the long train
Of ages glides away, the sons of men,
The youth in life's green spring, and he who goes
In the full strength of years, matron and maid,
The speechless babe, and the gray-headed man--
Shall one by one be gathered to thy side
By those who in their turn shall follow them.
So live, that when thy summons comes to join
The innumerable caravan which moves
To that mysterious realm where each shall take
His chamber in the silent halls of death,
Thou go not, like the quarry-slave at night,
Scourged by his dungeon; but, sustain'd and soothed
By an unfaltering trust, approach thy grave,
Like one who wraps the drapery of his couch
About him, and lies down to pleasant dreams.
Bryant began his sophisticated "view of death" as a teenager. The first version was shorter than this final version by about thirty lines but still displayed a mature stoicism and discipline. "Thanatosis" has long been a favorite moral poem for Americans.
by: William Cullen Bryant (1794-1878)
O him who in the love of Nature holds
Communion with her visible forms, she speaks
A various language; for his gayer hours
She has a voice of gladness, and a smile
And eloquence of beauty, and she glides
Into his darker musings, with a mild
And healing sympathy, that steals away
Their sharpness, ere he is aware. When thoughts
Of the last bitter hour come like a blight
Over thy spirit, and sad images
Of the stern agony, and shroud, and pall,
And breathless darkness, and the narrow house,
Make thee to shudder and grow sick at heart;--
Go forth, under the open sky, and list
To Nature's teachings, while from all around--
Earth and her waters, and the depths of air--
Comes a still voice--Yet a few days, and thee
The all-beholding sun shall see no more
In all his course; nor yet in the cold ground,
Where thy pale form was laid with many tears,
Nor in the embrace of ocean, shall exist
Thy image. Earth, that nourish'd thee, shall claim
Thy growth, to be resolved to earth again,
And, lost each human trace, surrendering up
Thine individual being, shalt thou go
To mix for ever with the elements,
To be a brother to the insensible rock,
And to the sluggish clod, which the rude swain
Turns with his share, and treads upon. The oak
Shall send his roots abroad, and pierce thy mould.
Yet not to thine eternal resting-place
Shalt thou retire alone, nor couldst thou wish
Couch more magnificent. Thou shalt lie down
With patriarchs of the infant world--with kings,
The powerful of the earth--the wise, the good,
Fair forms, and hoary seers of ages past,
All in one mighty sepulchre. The hills
Rock-ribb'd and ancient as the sun,--the vales
Stretching in pensive quietness between;
The venerable woods; rivers that move
In majesty, and the complaining brooks
That make the meadows green; and, pour'd round all,
Old Ocean's grey and melancholy waste,--
Are but the solemn decorations all
Of the great tomb of man. The golden sun,
The planets, all the infinite host of heaven,
Are shining on the sad abodes of death,
Through the still lapse of ages. All that tread
The globe are but a handful to the tribes
That slumber in its bosom.--Take the wings
Of morning, pierce the Barcan wilderness,
Or lose thyself in the continuous woods
Where rolls the Oregon and hears no sound
Save his own dashings--yet the dead are there:
And millions in those solitudes, since first
The flight of years began, have laid them down
In their last sleep--the dead reign there alone.
So shalt thou rest: and what if thou withdraw
In silence from the living, and no friend
Take note of thy departure? All that breathe
Will share thy destiny. The gay will laugh
When thou art gone, the solemn brood of care
Plod on, and each one as before will chase
His favourite phantom; yet all these shall leave
Their mirth and their employments, and shall come
And make their bed with thee. As the long train
Of ages glides away, the sons of men,
The youth in life's green spring, and he who goes
In the full strength of years, matron and maid,
The speechless babe, and the gray-headed man--
Shall one by one be gathered to thy side
By those who in their turn shall follow them.
So live, that when thy summons comes to join
The innumerable caravan which moves
To that mysterious realm where each shall take
His chamber in the silent halls of death,
Thou go not, like the quarry-slave at night,
Scourged by his dungeon; but, sustain'd and soothed
By an unfaltering trust, approach thy grave,
Like one who wraps the drapery of his couch
About him, and lies down to pleasant dreams.
Bryant began his sophisticated "view of death" as a teenager. The first version was shorter than this final version by about thirty lines but still displayed a mature stoicism and discipline. "Thanatosis" has long been a favorite moral poem for Americans.
To A Waterfowl
Bryant established himself as a poet in his teens and was generally regarded as the leading American poet from about 1825 until his death more than fifty years later. He was trained as a lawyer and employed as a journalist. Originally a Democrat, he later became one of the founders of the Republican Party.
William Cullen Bryant 1794-1878
To A Waterfowl
Wither, 'midst falling dew,
While glow the heavens with the last steps of day,
Far, through their rosy depths, dost thou pursue
Thy solitary way?
Vainly the fowler's eye
Might mark thy distant flight to do thee wrong,
As, darkly painted on the crimson sky,
Thy figure floats along.
Seek'st thou the plashy brink
Of weedy lake, or marge of river wide,
Or where the rocking billows rise and sink
On the chafed ocean side?
There is a Power whose care
Teaches thy way along that pathless coast,-
The desert and illimitable air,-
Lone wandering, but not lost.
All day thy wings have fanned,
At that far height, the cold, thin atmosphere,
Yet stoop not, weary, to the welcome land,
Though the dark night is near.
And soon that toil shall end;
Soon shalt thous find a summer home, and rest,
And scream among thy fellow; reeds shall bend,
Soon, o'er thy sheltered nest.
Thou'rt gone, the abyss of heaven
Hath swallowed up thy form; yet, on my heart
Deeply hath sunk the lesson thou hast given,
And shall not soon depart.
He who, from zone to zone,
Guides through the boundless sky thy certain flight,
In the long way that I must tread alone,
Will lead my steps aright.
Some modern readers resent having a poem spell out its moral and theological "lesson" so baldly, but a work with so much accuracy of observation and grace of form has earned the right to a bit of sententiousness. Matthew Arnold called this "the most perfect brief poem in the language."
William Cullen Bryant 1794-1878
To A Waterfowl
Wither, 'midst falling dew,
While glow the heavens with the last steps of day,
Far, through their rosy depths, dost thou pursue
Thy solitary way?
Vainly the fowler's eye
Might mark thy distant flight to do thee wrong,
As, darkly painted on the crimson sky,
Thy figure floats along.
Seek'st thou the plashy brink
Of weedy lake, or marge of river wide,
Or where the rocking billows rise and sink
On the chafed ocean side?
There is a Power whose care
Teaches thy way along that pathless coast,-
The desert and illimitable air,-
Lone wandering, but not lost.
All day thy wings have fanned,
At that far height, the cold, thin atmosphere,
Yet stoop not, weary, to the welcome land,
Though the dark night is near.
And soon that toil shall end;
Soon shalt thous find a summer home, and rest,
And scream among thy fellow; reeds shall bend,
Soon, o'er thy sheltered nest.
Thou'rt gone, the abyss of heaven
Hath swallowed up thy form; yet, on my heart
Deeply hath sunk the lesson thou hast given,
And shall not soon depart.
He who, from zone to zone,
Guides through the boundless sky thy certain flight,
In the long way that I must tread alone,
Will lead my steps aright.
Some modern readers resent having a poem spell out its moral and theological "lesson" so baldly, but a work with so much accuracy of observation and grace of form has earned the right to a bit of sententiousness. Matthew Arnold called this "the most perfect brief poem in the language."
William Cullen Bryant privately printed a book of hymns he wrote
(he wrote over 20 hymns).
Cedarmere was the rural Long Island home of WCB located on Bryant Avenue at Roslyn Harbor, he lived there 1843-1876. The oldest section of the house was constructed 1787, he greatly enlarged it, renovating it several times and planting numerous trees and flowers on the grounds. AFter his death his daughter Julia and grandon Harold Godwin took possession. Godwin added the stone bridge and sunken garden and rebuilt the house after a major fire in 1902.
Letters of his included in a collection included to John H Bryant 1843 June 21; 1866 July 4; and a letter written by John H Bryant to Mrs H.D. Nahmer 1894 May 29; letters to George H Bryant 1871 Dec 18, 1871 Dec 30; a letter he signed with others to President Andrew Johnson 1865 June 27; a letter to U.S. Grant 1869 April 29; to HW Longfellow 1864 april 18; a letter by his son-in-law Parke Godwin to Mrs H.S. Nahmer 1894 June 4; and a letter from his wife Frances Fairchild Bryant to Mrs R.C. Waterson dated Nov.
William was considered to be a child prodigy, publishing his first poem at 10 and first book at 13. His father Dr. Bryant was a Calvinist, physician and political figure in Massachusetts. He supplied William with an enormous library containing a vast collection of books, he pushed him toward the legal profession and greatly influenced and supported his writing. He submitted many of his sons poems to literary magazines, without William's permission, and helped him publish his first book, Embargo. William was sent to his uncles house when he was 13 to study Latin and Greek. He was so successful in his studies that he entered Williams college as a sixteen year old sophomore. Because of financial difficulties, he was forced to leave and he settled on taking the bar exam and started practicing law at 21. for 7 years, from 1818-1825, he practiced law to support a family but wrote very little. After the publication of his first book of poetry, he quit practicing law, and became the assistant editor for the New York Evening Post.
Bryant opposed tariffs of any kind, against slavery,endorsing the Free-Soil party, the Republican party, and Lincoln. Because of his stern political views, he had a great impact on the Evening Post. When his wife died in 1866, he began translating the Illiad, and shortly after that, the Odyssey. His final edition of the newspaper was in 1876, and he died shortly after that in 1878 after attending a party in his honor [another source says he died from a fall after giving a speech in Central Park, NYC].
He knew his alphabet at sixteen months old.
In the 1840's the increasing urbanization of Manhatan prompted the poet-editor WCB and landscape architect Andrew Jackson Downing to call for a new, large park to be built on the island....CENTRAL PARK!
Cedarmere was the rural Long Island home of WCB located on Bryant Avenue at Roslyn Harbor, he lived there 1843-1876. The oldest section of the house was constructed 1787, he greatly enlarged it, renovating it several times and planting numerous trees and flowers on the grounds. AFter his death his daughter Julia and grandon Harold Godwin took possession. Godwin added the stone bridge and sunken garden and rebuilt the house after a major fire in 1902.
Letters of his included in a collection included to John H Bryant 1843 June 21; 1866 July 4; and a letter written by John H Bryant to Mrs H.D. Nahmer 1894 May 29; letters to George H Bryant 1871 Dec 18, 1871 Dec 30; a letter he signed with others to President Andrew Johnson 1865 June 27; a letter to U.S. Grant 1869 April 29; to HW Longfellow 1864 april 18; a letter by his son-in-law Parke Godwin to Mrs H.S. Nahmer 1894 June 4; and a letter from his wife Frances Fairchild Bryant to Mrs R.C. Waterson dated Nov.
William was considered to be a child prodigy, publishing his first poem at 10 and first book at 13. His father Dr. Bryant was a Calvinist, physician and political figure in Massachusetts. He supplied William with an enormous library containing a vast collection of books, he pushed him toward the legal profession and greatly influenced and supported his writing. He submitted many of his sons poems to literary magazines, without William's permission, and helped him publish his first book, Embargo. William was sent to his uncles house when he was 13 to study Latin and Greek. He was so successful in his studies that he entered Williams college as a sixteen year old sophomore. Because of financial difficulties, he was forced to leave and he settled on taking the bar exam and started practicing law at 21. for 7 years, from 1818-1825, he practiced law to support a family but wrote very little. After the publication of his first book of poetry, he quit practicing law, and became the assistant editor for the New York Evening Post.
Bryant opposed tariffs of any kind, against slavery,endorsing the Free-Soil party, the Republican party, and Lincoln. Because of his stern political views, he had a great impact on the Evening Post. When his wife died in 1866, he began translating the Illiad, and shortly after that, the Odyssey. His final edition of the newspaper was in 1876, and he died shortly after that in 1878 after attending a party in his honor [another source says he died from a fall after giving a speech in Central Park, NYC].
He knew his alphabet at sixteen months old.
In the 1840's the increasing urbanization of Manhatan prompted the poet-editor WCB and landscape architect Andrew Jackson Downing to call for a new, large park to be built on the island....CENTRAL PARK!
Doniphan's Epic March The 1st Missouri Volunteers in the Mexican War
by Joseph C Dawson III
1999 University Press of Kansas pp. 198-9
I do a lot of historical reading...came across this years ago.
William Cullen Bryant made the most important analogy between Doniphan and Xenophon in the June 25 1847 edition of the Post. WCB, notable poet and journalist, is founder and editor of the New York Evening Post.
1999 University Press of Kansas pp. 198-9
I do a lot of historical reading...came across this years ago.
William Cullen Bryant made the most important analogy between Doniphan and Xenophon in the June 25 1847 edition of the Post. WCB, notable poet and journalist, is founder and editor of the New York Evening Post.
William Cullen Bryant Passed To the Higher Life
Likeness from the latest photograph from life.
Johnson, Fry & Co. Publishers New York
It was but two weeks ago, that we made mention of the remarkable physical activity and energy of this well known poet and journalist, citing the fact that though, in his 84th year, it was almost his daily habit to refuse the use of the elevator in going to his office in New York City, and would mount seven flights of stairs on foot, and with as little exhaustion as most young men. But alas, no man knoweth what a day or an hour may bring forth. Four days subsequently, he was prostrated suddenly, on the sidewalk, with apoplexy, and on the 12th, was gathered to his fathers, like a shock of corn fully ripe. He was universally beloved by those who knew him, and now he is dea, he is universally lamented.
He was born at Cummington, Mass., Nov. 3, '94, and was therefore 83 years, 7 months and 9 days old. The funeral services over the body were held at 11 o'clock Friday, in All Souls' Church; Rev. Dr. Bellows officiating. The body was transferred from the late residence of the deceased, 24 West Sixteenth Street, New York city, to the church before 10 o'clock. Long before this hour a crowd of people had gathered in front of the house, fascinated, as human nature always is under such circumstances, by the spectacle of death and all its solemn accessories. The family were anxious to avoid all appearances of display, and, in order to more fully carry out Mr. Bryant's express wishes, the funeral surroundings and preparations were as simple as possible. The number of people desirous of gaining admittance to the church was very large, and most of them were obliged to turn away.
The scene within the church, although presenting some unusual phases, differed in a few respects from that which characterizes it on each Sunday morning. The crowd filled every seat and space available as standing room, the aisles being blocked. The central portion of the church was entirely filled with old men, whose white locks seemed appropriate for the occasion. A great many women were also among this multitude, although they were mostly congregated on the two sides. The coffin, which was exceedingly plain and neat, was placed directly under the pulpit. The two brothers of the deceased, John H. Bryant and Arthur Bryant, both of whom are well advanced in years, occupied a pew near the coffin. With them, heavily draped in black, sat Miss Julia Bryant, the poet's unmarried daughter. Miss Godwin, a sister of Parke Godwin, son-in-law of Mr. Bryant, and a few other intimate friends of the family, sat behind the mourners. The services began with a dirge played by the organist, which was followed by singing. Rev. Dr. Bellows then prayed, while the congregation stood, after which he read from the Scriptures. The whole ceremony was simple and unostentatious. Dr. Bellows spoke feelingly, at the close of the purely religious services, of the poet's life and work. Then the congregation were invited to take a last look at the deceased. This invitation was generally accepted, and a vast throng of people marched solemnly in line around the church and past the coffin. The only flowers that were displayed were those composing a cross of immortelles.
A large number of literary men, and others of Mr. Bryant's persoanl and newspaper friends, wre present to do honor to his memory. The address of Dr. Bellows was a feeling and eloquent tribute to the dead poet. The remains were taken to Goslin, L.I., for interment.
In 1849, Mr. Bryant published a volume of poems, which contained a charming production entitled "June." The following is the last stanza, and is significant. The good man's prayer was answered:-
"I gazed upon the glorious sky,
And the green mountains round;
And thought that when I came to lie
Within the silent ground,
'Twere pleasant, that in flowery June,
When brooks send up a cheerful tune,
And groves a pleasant sound,
The sexton's hand my grave to make,
The rich, green mountain turf should break."
http://www.censusdiggins.com/fort_delaware.html
completed in 1859 on marshy island called Pea Patch Island. shape of a pentagon covering 6 acres. Fort Delaware was completed in 1859 on the marshy island known as Pea Patch Island. This stout Union fortress constructed in the shape of a pentagon and covering approximately 6 acres was used as a prison for Confederate prisoners of war during the Civil War.
General Albin F. Schoepf was commandant, known as "General Terror."
prisoners held in wooden barracks. after Battle of Gettysburg 1863 almost 13000 prisoners. scarce food, putrified water, smallpox, scurvy, severe malnutrition, diarrhea, dysentery.
according to Capt. John S Swann, prisoner, they formed a line and marched to the mess hall, there were several long rows of plank tables. when they were in place each prisoner took one ration. bread was rye and wheat flour, well cooked, very small piece. small chunk of beef. sometimes there was a tin of corn soup.
they would catch rats, clean, put in salt water a while, then fry. the meat was "tender and not unpleasant to the taste."
rusty slimy bacon
soup with half inch white worms
approx. 2700 soldiers died there.
General Albin F. Schoepf was commandant, known as "General Terror."
prisoners held in wooden barracks. after Battle of Gettysburg 1863 almost 13000 prisoners. scarce food, putrified water, smallpox, scurvy, severe malnutrition, diarrhea, dysentery.
according to Capt. John S Swann, prisoner, they formed a line and marched to the mess hall, there were several long rows of plank tables. when they were in place each prisoner took one ration. bread was rye and wheat flour, well cooked, very small piece. small chunk of beef. sometimes there was a tin of corn soup.
they would catch rats, clean, put in salt water a while, then fry. the meat was "tender and not unpleasant to the taste."
rusty slimy bacon
soup with half inch white worms
approx. 2700 soldiers died there.
http://www.gwest.org/45thros.htm
There were 1947 known men who served in the 45th Virginia Regiment. The month to month status of soldier is best obtained from muster rolls which were taken every two months and stated whether soldier was absent or present.
The records that survive for this unit are very poor. All of muster rolls available for first year with no gaps. 1862 only one field return dated July 1862. No rolls available for 1863, final roll taken April 1864. due to poor quality of compiled records, much information was taken from post war sources...pension applications, etc.
Members of the 45th were imprisoned in Camp Chase, Camp Morton, Elmira, Fort Delaware, Johnson's Island, Point Lookout, and Rock Island.
the men of the 45th came from Tazewell, Wythe, Bland, Carroll, and Grayson counties.
there are THREE Maxwells listed on the roster of this unit.
1. My great great Grandpa James C Maxwell: Co A enlisted 5/29/61 Wytheville. sick 9/61. elected Lt. by 7/62. Captured at Winchester 9/19/64. POW Ft. Delaware. Released 6/17/65. 5'10" tall. grey eyes, dark hair, res. Tazewell County.
2. Henry E. Maxwell: Cpl. in in Co A. Age 15 in 1850 Tazewell County Census. enlisted 5/29/61 Wytheville. sick when the regiment moved from Wytheville 7/12/61. elected Lt. 10/16/61. In Winchester hospital for diarrhea 7/25/94. captured at Winchester 9/19/64. POW Pt. Lookout. Exc. 3/15/64. living in Tazewell County in 1913.
3. James W. Maxwell: Co G born 5/3/40. enlisted 5/29/61 at Wytheville. sick 9/61. on leave 11/61. transferred to 29th Va. 6/62. living in Tazewell county in 1910. died 10/21/1929.
The records that survive for this unit are very poor. All of muster rolls available for first year with no gaps. 1862 only one field return dated July 1862. No rolls available for 1863, final roll taken April 1864. due to poor quality of compiled records, much information was taken from post war sources...pension applications, etc.
Members of the 45th were imprisoned in Camp Chase, Camp Morton, Elmira, Fort Delaware, Johnson's Island, Point Lookout, and Rock Island.
the men of the 45th came from Tazewell, Wythe, Bland, Carroll, and Grayson counties.
there are THREE Maxwells listed on the roster of this unit.
1. My great great Grandpa James C Maxwell: Co A enlisted 5/29/61 Wytheville. sick 9/61. elected Lt. by 7/62. Captured at Winchester 9/19/64. POW Ft. Delaware. Released 6/17/65. 5'10" tall. grey eyes, dark hair, res. Tazewell County.
2. Henry E. Maxwell: Cpl. in in Co A. Age 15 in 1850 Tazewell County Census. enlisted 5/29/61 Wytheville. sick when the regiment moved from Wytheville 7/12/61. elected Lt. 10/16/61. In Winchester hospital for diarrhea 7/25/94. captured at Winchester 9/19/64. POW Pt. Lookout. Exc. 3/15/64. living in Tazewell County in 1913.
3. James W. Maxwell: Co G born 5/3/40. enlisted 5/29/61 at Wytheville. sick 9/61. on leave 11/61. transferred to 29th Va. 6/62. living in Tazewell county in 1910. died 10/21/1929.
Saturday, March 17, 2012
wow! what a day!
some online searching let me discover my great great grandma Bryant & her second husband's gravestone...that she died of heart failure...that my great great grandpa Maxwell was in a Sharpshooter unit, and I researched the battle he was captured in....I discovered that W.T. Foster was a renowned meteorologist and found a pencil sketch of him! and a death date! I love the internet!
"A word now about our common friend, W. T. Foster, of Washington, D. C.
"A word now about our common friend, W. T. Foster, of Washington, D. C. Hehas the most comprehensive system of long range forecasting of any man in the world
Weather Prophets
"Schiaparel,
35
the noted Italian astronomer, says that within a few years pastwonderful changes have taken place in the physical geography of Mars. The seas havechanged their beds, the continents have broken up, some of them disappeared, andgreat rivers, or arms of the seas, occupy new channels. Such would be the naturalconsequence of acquiring a moon, and this may suggest an explanation of the greatcatastrophes that are spoken of in the Bible and the legends that have come downfrom prehistoric times through all the races of men."Either the acquisition of a new planet like Mercury, or of a moon, or thestriking of the earth by a comet would cause events similar to the flood, the rising andsinking of the seas, or the great changes that mark the geological ages of the earth andthe changes of animal life that are so distinctly marked by the geological epochs of theearth."The newly acquired moons of Mars marks an epoch in the evolutions ofastronomy and is probably a catastrophe on that planet such as must have occurred onthe earth causing the great epochs of its growth which probably are identical with thesix periods of creation spoken of in our Bible Genesis."Astronomers have but little to say about these newly acquired moons of Mars,for they cannot account for them by the old theories. They see their long and beautifulastronomical dissertations falling into disrepute because they were builded on thesands of the nebular theory, and they prefer to see their rounded sentences fadesilently away to nothingness."
36
+ + +"PLANETARY INFLUENCES"I have one more quotation to make from that forcible writer Dr. HenryRaymond Rogers, of Dunkirk, N. Y. In a recent paper he says: 'It is a fundamentalprinciple in electrical science that every movement of one body near another disturbsand puts in motion the electric currents in both bodies. Extending the law from thelesser or terrestrial to the grander or celestial field the inference becomes legitimatethat the starry worlds whirling with inconceivable velocity in space evolve betweenthe electrical currents in great cosmical circuits; that the sun and earth revolving ontheir axes and in their orbits thus become actually vast magnets — electric machines,or batteries, through the action of which currents incessantly pass to and fro betweenthose bodies. In this manner is explained the source and mode of development of the
35
Giovanni Virginio Schiaparelli, who was author, among other texts, of Astronomy in the OldTestament http://books.google.com/books?id=nxgqAAAAYAAJ. 36The Fort Worth [TX] Gazette, Nov. 14, 1891, p. 8.
universal force."'The problem of the action of force at a distance, without intervention of somemedium of transmission, which has puzzled philosophers for centuries, has its fulland complete solution in the action of electricity in vacuous space. Upon thishypothesis is rationally explained how each planet in our solar system may haveidentically the same relations with the sun and her sunheat, sunlight, chemical actionand gravity are developed and act precisely the same at Neptune, nearly three billionsof miles from the sun as at the earth, the former being thiry-three times farther fromthe sun than the latter."'A mighty cosmical essence, or spirit or soul pervades, all worlds, all life, allforce. This subtle, invisible entity animates and controls the whole universe of matterregardless of time, space or distance. Mind as well as matter is its realm and herein wehave a glimpse of that grand unity which science has ever sought but neverdiscovered."'Science assets that gravity acts instantaneously throughout the universe. If itsforce was obstructed in interstellar space its operation would be impracticable. Itannihilates space and distance. So does electricity and in view of this fact may not thegravitative force be purely electrical?"'Faraday, the greatest philosopher in this field who every lived, continued forthirty years to assert his conviction that such was the case. Newton held to the sametheory. The latter taught that the ultimate particulars of matter are endowed withinherent forces or powers of attraction and repulsion. He thus recognized in gravitythe operation of a dual principle which exists in no other force than electricity."'That the great gravitative force is electrical is fully demonstrable. It is afundamental law of electrical action that all bodies susceptible to electrical excitationbecome centers of attraction through the operation of the electrical circuit. A body ofsoft iron is thus made magnetic and retains its power of attraction during itscontinuance in the circuit. So the sun and earth being constituents in our greatterrasolar circuit, they and all things they contain become vitalized with the powerwhich we call gravitation."'The sun and earth become vast magnets having magnetic axes and poles andare held in their relative positions through the action of their polarities. Gravity istherefore a purely electrical phenomenon explainable only upon the hypotheses of theuninterrupted action of electricity in vacuous space.'"
37
37
The Grank Forks [ND] Herald, Dec. 13, 1891, p. 1. A few years earlier, in 1886, Rogers had publisheda paper entitled "A New Philosophy of the Sun," in which he expounds upon the same ideas
universal force."'The problem of the action of force at a distance, without intervention of somemedium of transmission, which has puzzled philosophers for centuries, has its fulland complete solution in the action of electricity in vacuous space. Upon thishypothesis is rationally explained how each planet in our solar system may haveidentically the same relations with the sun and her sunheat, sunlight, chemical actionand gravity are developed and act precisely the same at Neptune, nearly three billionsof miles from the sun as at the earth, the former being thiry-three times farther fromthe sun than the latter."'A mighty cosmical essence, or spirit or soul pervades, all worlds, all life, allforce. This subtle, invisible entity animates and controls the whole universe of matterregardless of time, space or distance. Mind as well as matter is its realm and herein wehave a glimpse of that grand unity which science has ever sought but neverdiscovered."'Science assets that gravity acts instantaneously throughout the universe. If itsforce was obstructed in interstellar space its operation would be impracticable. Itannihilates space and distance. So does electricity and in view of this fact may not thegravitative force be purely electrical?"'Faraday, the greatest philosopher in this field who every lived, continued forthirty years to assert his conviction that such was the case. Newton held to the sametheory. The latter taught that the ultimate particulars of matter are endowed withinherent forces or powers of attraction and repulsion. He thus recognized in gravitythe operation of a dual principle which exists in no other force than electricity."'That the great gravitative force is electrical is fully demonstrable. It is afundamental law of electrical action that all bodies susceptible to electrical excitationbecome centers of attraction through the operation of the electrical circuit. A body ofsoft iron is thus made magnetic and retains its power of attraction during its continuance in the circuit. So the sun and earth being constituents in our great terrasolar circuit, they and all things they contain become vitalized with the powerwhich we call gravitation."'The sun and earth become vast magnets having magnetic axes and poles and are held in their relative positions through the action of their polarities. Gravity is therefore a purely electrical phenomenon explainable only upon the hypotheses of the uninterrupted action of electricity in vacuous space.'"
37
37
The Grank Forks [ND] Herald, Dec. 13, 1891, p. 1. A few years earlier, in 1886, Rogers had publisheda paper entitled "A New Philosophy of the Sun," in which he expounds upon the same ideas
Lillingston
40
, Smith
41
, Cather
42
and others are not weather prophets but meteorologists,entitled to the prefix 'Professor,' because they are teaching a branch of learning, thisbeing one of the definitions given by Webster."The two appellations, 'Prophet' and 'Professor' do not belong together. No oneever heard of a prophet being called 'Professor.' But the term 'weather prophet'appears to have come to stay and therefore we may accept it under protest. I want totalk about weather prophets."Professor Tice of St. Louis, was the original discoverer of that upon whichelectrical meteorology is founded. He combated the heat theory of force and declaredthat electricity is the motive power of the universe. He discovered the periods of fourprinciple storm waves and attributed their cause to an inner mercurial planet calledVulcan. He was right as to the principle storm wave periods but his theory aboutVulcan is a very doubtful one."Professor Tice in his new system of meteorology gave to each planet fourpoints in its revolution around the sun at which it caused general electricaldisturbances throughout the solar system. In this he was mistaken as to all the planetsexcept Uranus, Saturn, Jupiter and the Earth. He was certainly in error as to Mars,Venus, Mercury and perhaps Vulcan. He also believed that the four points around thesun called heliocentric longitude 80, 170, 260 and 350 were fixed disturbing points forall the planets and this was a very serious error because this is not in accord withastronomical events."The effects of the moon on our weather was entirely unknown to ProfessorTice. He seems never to have applied his theory of planetary influences to the moon,perhaps because that orb rotates so slowly on its axis always keeping the same side tothe earth. He made no effort in his general forecasts to locate the storm centers butgave the dates on which he supposed the planetary equinoxes would affect theweather of the whole earth."Professor Tice discovered the relations of the transitory high barometer to eachother and to the weather, and the United States weather bureau appropriated his
40
Charles H. Lillingston, the son-in-law and partner of Tice, according to a list of "Weather Almanacsand Predictions" found in Notes and Queries and Historic Magazine, February 1900, Vol. XVIII, No. 2, p. 60http://books.google.com/books?id=neIRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA60. He is the author of the article "John H.Tice and the Science of Weather Forecasting," found herein in Appendix II. In Appendix III, Lillingstondiscusses his own work in another article from his pen.
41
Walter H. Smith, "who has the reputation of being the best and most trustworthy weather prophet inCanada" Manawatu Herald of Foxton, New Zealand, March 5, 1892, Page 2.http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=MH18920305.2.15 .42George K. Cather (the original, above, has been corrected from "Carther").
discovery without giving him credit for it."Of all the meteorologists now dead Professor Tice deserves to be recognized asthe greatest, for he pointed out the establishment of the only true system ofmeteorology."Professor Mansill of Rock Island Ill., was the first, perhaps, to lay down asystem of meteorology based on planetary influences, and while there is much truth inhis system he only deals with the minor and less important influences of gravity ormagnetism affected by conjunctions, perihelions and perigees as being the cause ofour greatest electrical disturbances but does not recognize the influences of equinoxes.This clearly shows the difference between the Mansill and Tice systems. They wereeach based upon the two distinct electrical theories, the principal idea of one being theequinoxes and the other conjunctions."Prof. Blake, of Topeka, Kansas, is uncommunicative as to his theories, but along and careful study of his writings has revealed the basis of his calculations. Hedoes not wait for conjunctions or equinoxes, but calculates the influence of the sun,moon and planets on the electric currents, the waters and the atmosphere of the earthat all times. He believes that every particle of matter and every heavenly body isimpelled toward every other with an equal force at all times varied only by distanceand mass. He takes no account of conjunctions except the doubled influence of two ormore bodies when situated near each other, and thus increasing their attraction ofgravitation or the repulsive power of the surrounding elements as he would call it. Hedoes not believe in attraction, but declares that gravitation is repulsion."Prof. Cather of Ashville, Alabama, based his calculations on the effects of themoon. He claimed that the weather is similar every twenty-eight days basing the ideaon the distance of the moon north or south of the earth's equator. He claimed that asthe moon reaches the same latitude, going north or south, it will have the same effecton the weather that it had twenty-eight days before, when it was at the same latitudeand going in the same direction. He made allowance for the seasons, but gave noinfluence to the planets."These are the four systems of meteorology. Smith of Canada, follows Mansilland also includes the conduct of animals and recurring periods of weather changes astaught by Vennor.
43
Prof. Hicks of St. Louis, follows Prof. Tice and has not improved
43
Henry G. Vennor of Montreal, Canada. Of his method he said: "In brief, the basis of my work is theresult of observation and the comparison of cause with cause, effect with effect, season with season. It is amere matter of relationships. ... I discovered one fact, and proving it to be a fact beyond question or dispute, Ihave builded upon it — and built safely, I think. What was that discovery? Just this: that seasons and yearsrecur in couplets and triads. Rules applicable to the first season or year of a couplet are equally applicable tothe second season or year of that couplet, and precisely so in the triads. Such is the main superstructure of
on
his old methods. Hicks also uses the Herschell theory of the effect of moon changeson the weather.
44
Prof. Lillingston follows Tice."I have carefully studied all these theories, have tested them by the records ofthe Washington weather bureau, and find some truth in each of the four systems. Ihave taken those parts of Professors Tice, Mansill, Blake and Cather's systems thatstand the tests of the records and with what I have been able to discover, have formedthe electric system of meteorology. I include nothing in this system that is not inharmony with the laws of electricity and magnetism, nothing that will not bearinvestigation in the light of the weather records of this and all other countries."
45
+ + +"ELECTRO-METEOROLOGY."I am not able yet to avoid errors in my weather forecasts. But I very seldom erras to the dates on which the storm centers and cool waves cross the continent. Mymistakes are confined principally to the force and latitude of these disturbances. Evenin these particulars a very large percent of the forecasts are verified."I have no disposition to evade the responsibility of my mistakes, but ratherprefer to frankly state wherein the principal difficulties lie. The responsibilities ofthese mistakes must rest upon myself and not on the system, for if the system ofelectro-meteorology was thoroughly understood, there would be no errors in weatherforecasts. The fault lies with man and not with the laws of nature."As I have repeatedly stated, there are four storm waves passing around theearth from west to east between 30 and 60 degrees of north latitude, making 45degrees of north latitude an average center of their paths around the earth."The average distance of these storm waves apart — from west to east — isabout 3500 miles. The high barometer — that which gives us the cool wave andclearing weather — follows about 1750 miles behind the low barometer, and these
my work. But I soon found that the system was not bound down to a mere generality, embracing only aseason or year in its entirety. Experiment evidenced that the same calculations could be made for a month,and that, too, with an exactness that at first appeared to be surprising. And I pursued my work still furtheruntil now I do not hesitate to bring my calculations to within a week. Yes, I have been able to designateparticular days. That is usually my rule in the text of my predictions. But the public should understand that,except in special cases, I never risk everything upon any single 24 hours. I have not yet reached that point inmy system, although there is no telling what will be accomplished in the near future." The New York Times,Aug. 25, 1881. A copy of Vennor's Almanac and Weather Record for 1878-9 is online athttp://books.google.com/books?id=lycXAAAAYAAJ .44Appendix IV herein presents the "Herschel" table via Bible commentator Adam Clarke.45Grand Forks [ND] Herald, Dec. 31, 1891, p. 8.
high and low barometers are strung around the earth like a string of beads, and allmoving eastward."We have made a success in finding the dates on which these high or lowbarometers, or storm waves, will pass any given meridian of longitude. That part ofthe system is a decided success."It makes a very great difference in the weather as to whether a storm centerpasses south or north of a locality, and in locating the latitude of a storm centermistakes are sometimes made. The storm wave may be exactly on time as predicted,but if it goes by on the south, cold weather will follow, while if it goes by on the north,warm weather will follow. A few errors are unavoidable at this time in locating thelatitude of the storm waves."The most difficult matter to calculate is the force of the storm. This is veryimportant, for the force of the storm has much to do with the character of the weather."The electrical influences of the sun, moon and planets affect every part of theearth at the same moment, but these influences will manifest themselves in one or allof the four storm waves that are moving around the earth at about 3500 miles apart.The difficulty lies in determining which of these four storm waves will be mostaffected, and herein is where most of my errors occur."It is not difficult to understand that the planetary influences are conveyed tothe storm centers through the earth's electric currents, and if we fully understand thelaws that govern the magnetic forces of the solar system, we would make no mistakesin forecasting the location and force of the storm centers and their influences on theweather."In the latter part of January, I had calculated the electrical influences wouldlargely increase the force of the storms due to cross the continent from the 25th to the29th of January. The result, however, was that the storm wave preceding it receivedalmost the full force of the electrical influences, causing a great storm in WesternEurope at the time we expected a great storm here."An intelligent investigation will satisfy any reasonable mind that we are verynear to one of the greatest discoveries of modern times. We know the dates on whichthe storm waves will cross the continent, we know, approximately, how to calculatethe latitude of these storm waves, we know the dates on which these storm waves willhave greatest and least force, and the greatest difficulty yet to surmount is to knowwhich of the four storm waves will be most affected by the planetary influences.
"Two thirds of the time I can succeed in rightly determining this difficultproblem, but the other third is what stands in the way of complete success. I knowwhere to look to find the key to this difficult part of the weather problem, and haveclearly indicated this to my readers. I expect to discover the key and then to avoiderrors."If I make one mistake out of ten forecasts a certain class of critics will ridiculemy work. Let them ridicule. I know that the system of electro-meteorology has theonly true basis, and that time, I hope a comparatively short time, will vindicate it."But readers of my work must not now expect infallible forecasts, for the systemis not yet perfect. They should also remember that my own time and money, aided byfifty daily newspapers, are working out this great problem without assistance from thegeneral government."
46
+ + +"I have often stated, and will repeat, that very severe storms will occur on thiscontinent during March. Western Europe has experienced the greatest storms of thecentury during the past six monthc [sic], and it is almost impossible for this countrynot to go through the same experience during the next six months."Even orthodox scientists have given warning of the great disturbances near athand, because of the great sun spots and other remarkable disturbances now apparenton the sun. Spots on the sun, they declare, cause an increase in the force of our earthstorms through the agency of the electrical forces."They also declare that the perihelion of Jupiter causes a maximum of sun spotsand an increase in the auroral displays. All this indicates that the men who have posedas the leaders in scientific research are being forced to acknowledge the influence ofthe planets on our earth, and that electricity is the medium."But in claiming that sunspots can cause auroras and other earth disturbances,and that the perihelia of the planets cause sunspots, these great scientists whollydisregard cause and effect — disregard all the laws of electricity and magnetism."Jupiter is now about forty millions of miles nearer the sun than it was six yearsago, and if we follow the laws of electricity, that would increase the electrical forces ofthe sun and earth, which in turn would increase the evaporation and cloudliness onthe sun, thereby preventing sunspots; therefore the perihelia of the planets cannot
46The Fort Worth [TX] Gazette, Feb. 18, 1892 (weekly edition), P. 1.
cause sunspots and the sunspots cannot cause earth disturbances."Sun spots must necessarily be of exactly the same nature as our highbarometers, and our cold waves, causing large areas of clear weather, correspondingto the large dark spots on the sun."The faculæ, or bright spots, on the sun are the same as our low barometerswhere we have densely cloudy weather. Whatever causes our storm centers, our highand low barometers, our cold waves, also cause the sun spots, and I assert withoutfear of contradiction, that it is the equinox of Jupiter and not his perihelion that causesthe increase of auroras and sun spots."On the night of February 13, when the great aurora lighted up the northernheavens — also the region of the south pole, no doubt, although we have no newsfrom that part of the earth — Jupiter was within two degrees of his equinox while hewas fourteen degrees from his perihelion, therefore the electric tension of the sun wasvery great and only needed an outlet in order to shock or electrify the whole solarsystem."The electrifying event occurred on the 13th, when Venus passed the earth'sequator and the earth passed the equator of Mars. Anyone who has studied the nature of electrical currents in connection with revolving globes will readily see the logic in these statements."But the difficulty in the way of orthodox scientists is that they still consider thesun as a burning body, instead of, as it really is, a body very much like the earth, with its seas, continents, mountains, valleys, clouds and storms, all affected by the verysame laws and in the same manner as are the various parts of our earth."Knowing of the approach of the equinoxes of Saturn and Jupiter, I gave warning nearly a year ago that 1892 would be a year of great storms all around the earth, and that these great disturbances would reach their maximum force in the fourmonths from March 1 to June 30."Since the great auroral display February 13, orthodox scientists are predictingthe same increase of disturbances that I did a year ago."Spots on the sun and storms all around the earth have been increasing for sixmonths past at least, and they will continue to increase for at least months to come.But both sun spots and earth storms are effects of the same cause. The planets and sun electrify each other just as revolving magnets in the electro-dynamo machine affect each other.
"The time appears to be rapidly approaching when the electrical theory of forcein the universe will take the places of the nebular and heat theories and electro-meteorology dethrone the chaotic world of chance ideas that have long ruled in theweather bureau of the United States."
47
+ + +"NATURE AND MOVEMENTS OF STORMS."Readers are so forgetful, that it is necessary to dwell on some of the mostimportant features of weather changes. Entirely too many readers, who are muchinterested in the weather, misunderstand what is meant when I specify the date onwhich a storm wave is due. Nothing but the tariff and silver discussions can be moregenerally misunderstood than the term 'storm wave,' and still there is no way for meto avoid using it. No other term will supply its place, and therefore, in order tounderstand my forecasts, the reader must understand what is meant by 'storm wave.'"It does not necessarily imply a storm, or rain, or snow, or hail, or wind, but itmay include all of these. It does, however, almost universally imply wind from theeast, warmer weather, wind changing to west and cooler, in rotation as stated. Thestorm wave may pass centrally over any point and still the weather remain clearthroughout, but the warm wave, change of wind and cool wave are sure toaccompany almost every such storm wave."If the storm wave passed by to the north, the wind will change from east byway of the south to the west, and the cool wave following it will not bring a very greatfall in the temperature. If the storm wave moves by to the south, the wind will changefrom east to west by way of the north, and a cold wave with low temperatures willfollow."When the conditions are favorable to rain, the low barometer of the storm wavefills up with clouds, except in its center, which is usually very warm and partly cloudyor clear."When I expect rain, snow, wind or a storm, I say so in plain terms, but whenonly the term storm wave is used, it does not portend any unusual event."The discovery of the period of these storm waves and the laws that governtheir movements, is the most important ever made in reference to meteorology, and
47The Fort Worth [TX] Gazette, March 3, 1892, p. 16.
gives promise of reliable, long-range forecasts, especially if the system should bedeveloped by government aid."The cause of these storm waves is somewhat of a mystery. My theory is thatthey are caused by a circuit of electricity rising in the low barometer and coming downin the high. The low being a column of rising air draws to it the clouds and moisturethat makes up the storm center."The storm center is the low barometer, which, with the high barometer, iscalled the storm wave. The high barometer pours cool air into the rear of the low andit is often the case that rain does not occur till the high barometer comes in and thesnow storms always occur after the main portion of the low has passed and as thehigh, with its cool wave, comes in."My forecasts are for the front part of the storm wave, which often causes norain, but it may be known by the rising temperature. Herein is where the weatherbureau ought to be useful. I can give the dates of the storm waves, but cannot alwaystell, so far ahead, whether the precipitation will occur in front, rear, north side orsouth side of the low or storm center. Knowing where the storm center is, and theconditions surrounding it, the weather bureau ought to make few mistakes, but itmakes many, and its forecasts are of no use to farmers, coal dealers, small dealers inproducts, etc."These storm waves are strung around the earth in these northern latitudes likea string of beads, and their movements cause them to jostle up against each other like[railroad] cars when the engine suddenly puts on brakes or makes a sudden start.These jostlings of the storm waves against each other cause them to lose or gain asmuch as a days' time, and therefore I do not pretend to forecast their time nearer thantwenty-four hours."When these storm waves are driven north by the influences of the moon or theplanets, we have excessively hot weather and drouth, and when, for a period ofseveral weeks, they are driven south by the same influences, we have cool seasons aswe had in May, June and July, 1891."Cold winters occur when the paths of the storms are south, as will be the casenext January. Warm winters surely follow when the storm paths are far to the north."These storm waves do not move in perfect circles around the geographicalnorth pole, but around the magnetic north pole, which is about 70 degrees north and97 west, or 20 degrees south of the geographical north pole, and northwest ofHudson's bay. There is another magnetic pole in Northern Asia, around which the
storms of that continent probably make a semi-circle."Many of our storm waves cross Europe and Asia, but some of them appear topass between the two north magnetic poles. The tropical hurricanes appear to movealmost directly toward the geographical north pole of the earth."In order that they may better understand by forecasts, I hope that readers willtry to retain the above explanations, and not confound the widely differing terms,storm and storm wave."
48
+ + +"Professor Frank H. Bigelow, of the National Weather Bureau, has published animportant paper in a leading astronomical journal
49
. He has been, for several years,one of the weather bureau's scientific experts, and his conclusions are very importantto meteorology. He says: 'The observed facts pertaining to solar physics, to terrestrialmagnetism and to meteorology have been such to render it very probable that thesethree distinct branches of science are in reality parts of one general cosmical science.'"That is precisely the theory for which planetary meteorologists have beencontending. Professor Bigelow was selected by the Weather Bureau to investigate thisvery question, and from the senseless opposition of the Weather Bureau officialstoward independent planetary meteorologists, I infer that Professor Bigelow wasexpected to annihilate the theory that moon and planets have anything to do with ourweather changes, but Professor Bigelow says that the magnetic forces of the sun andearth are closely related to our weather changes and auroral displays."Professor Bigelow writes to convince scientists, showing no care for otherintelligent classes of people, therefore his language is hard and needs interpretation.Men whose salaries are paid by the government should be compelled to write in theAmerican language, of which our American newspapers are the classics. OurAmerican newspapers use the pure American language, furnish the channel throughwhich American intelligence is reached, and therefore one who fills a public capacityat the expense of the people, should give his discoveries to the public in ournewspaper language."I quote again from the same paper: 'The periodic occurrences of manifestationsof energy in sun spots, the solar corona, the faculae and prominences, on one hand;the aurora, variations of the terrestrial magnetic field, and the fluctuations of the
48The Fort Worth [TX] Gazette, March 17, 1892.
49
"The Two Magnetic Fields Surrounding the Sun," Astronomy and Astrophysics, October 1893, Vol.XII, No. 3, p. 706 ff. http://books.google.com/books?id=_iKKbuNsc34C&pg=PA706.
meteorological elements on the other, have all indicated a fundamental system ofphysical forces embracing the sun and earth in its operation.'"All this means to say that sun spots, earth storms, electrical forces and auroras,have magnetism as their common cause. He never mentions heat as a common cause,and therein he radically differs with Professor Finley,
50
who sustains the WeatherBureau theory that heat is the cause of weather changes."Bigelow again says: 'If the sun has a nucleus in which can reside a species ofpermanent magnetism having poles of direction and intensity, such as are found uponthe earth, it must also be surrounded by wide, sweeping lines of magnetic force,distributed in space.'"He then goes on to show that these magnetic lines enter the earth diagonallythrough the northern hemisphere, and leave the earth in diagonal lines through thesouthern hemisphere. This theory was promulgated by Professor Siemens, the greatelectrician,
51
and now by the most critical tests made with the best electricalinstruments, Professor Bigelow has found the theory to be a true one."He has found more. The instruments show that periodically the magneticcurrents change, now entering the earth through the northern hemisphere, andleaving it through the southern, and then in regular periodic changes, agreeing closelywith our weather changes, the currents enter through the southern hemisphere, andleave the earth through the northern hemisphere. Professor Bigelow makes the periodof the principal one of these changes 26.68 days. Professor Veeder
52
gives the period as27.28 days, and my principal storm disturbance period is 27.28 days."Professor Veeder's auroral period is so nearly the same as my storm period,that they may safely be considered the same, and from the same cause, but ProfessorBigelow's period appears to be a little short."Professor Bigelow holds that these periods are caused by the sun's rotation.Professor Veeder claims that the aurora depends on the same cause. Both are eminentscientists, but their periods do not agree. At the end of twelve months they would beeight to ten days apart, and that variation must destroy one or the other, if both relyon the same cause."Dr. Veeder is correct in his 27.28 days period, but probably he is in error as to
50Sgt. John Park Finley of the United States Army Signal Service, which managed the United StatesWeather Bureau.51Ernst Werner von Siemens, founder of the Siemens electronics company in Germany.
52Major Albert Veeder, M.D.
meteorological elements on the other, have all indicated a fundamental system ofphysical forces embracing the sun and earth in its operation.'"All this means to say that sun spots, earth storms, electrical forces and auroras,have magnetism as their common cause. He never mentions heat as a common cause,and therein he radically differs with Professor Finley,
50
who sustains the WeatherBureau theory that heat is the cause of weather changes."Bigelow again says: 'If the sun has a nucleus in which can reside a species ofpermanent magnetism having poles of direction and intensity, such as are found uponthe earth, it must also be surrounded by wide, sweeping lines of magnetic force,distributed in space.'"He then goes on to show that these magnetic lines enter the earth diagonallythrough the northern hemisphere, and leave the earth in diagonal lines through thesouthern hemisphere. This theory was promulgated by Professor Siemens, the greatelectrician,
51
and now by the most critical tests made with the best electricalinstruments, Professor Bigelow has found the theory to be a true one."He has found more. The instruments show that periodically the magneticcurrents change, now entering the earth through the northern hemisphere, andleaving it through the southern, and then in regular periodic changes, agreeing closelywith our weather changes, the currents enter through the southern hemisphere, andleave the earth through the northern hemisphere. Professor Bigelow makes the periodof the principal one of these changes 26.68 days. Professor Veeder
52
gives the period as27.28 days, and my principal storm disturbance period is 27.28 days."Professor Veeder's auroral period is so nearly the same as my storm period,that they may safely be considered the same, and from the same cause, but ProfessorBigelow's period appears to be a little short."Professor Bigelow holds that these periods are caused by the sun's rotation.Professor Veeder claims that the aurora depends on the same cause. Both are eminent scientists, but their periods do not agree. At the end of twelve months they would beeight to ten days apart, and that variation must destroy one or the other, if both relyon the same cause."Dr. Veeder is correct in his 27.28 days period, but probably he is in error as to
50Sgt. John Park Finley of the United States Army Signal Service, which managed the United StatesWeather Bureau.51Ernst Werner von Siemens, founder of the Siemens electronics company in Germany.
52Major Albert Veeder, M.D.
ok, you get the point. W.T. Foster had a lot to say. here is the link:
http://www.scribd.com/doc/40004049/Planetary-Meteorology-WT-Foster
there is a lot more to go! whew!
35
the noted Italian astronomer, says that within a few years pastwonderful changes have taken place in the physical geography of Mars. The seas havechanged their beds, the continents have broken up, some of them disappeared, andgreat rivers, or arms of the seas, occupy new channels. Such would be the naturalconsequence of acquiring a moon, and this may suggest an explanation of the greatcatastrophes that are spoken of in the Bible and the legends that have come downfrom prehistoric times through all the races of men."Either the acquisition of a new planet like Mercury, or of a moon, or thestriking of the earth by a comet would cause events similar to the flood, the rising andsinking of the seas, or the great changes that mark the geological ages of the earth andthe changes of animal life that are so distinctly marked by the geological epochs of theearth."The newly acquired moons of Mars marks an epoch in the evolutions ofastronomy and is probably a catastrophe on that planet such as must have occurred onthe earth causing the great epochs of its growth which probably are identical with thesix periods of creation spoken of in our Bible Genesis."Astronomers have but little to say about these newly acquired moons of Mars,for they cannot account for them by the old theories. They see their long and beautifulastronomical dissertations falling into disrepute because they were builded on thesands of the nebular theory, and they prefer to see their rounded sentences fadesilently away to nothingness."
36
+ + +"PLANETARY INFLUENCES"I have one more quotation to make from that forcible writer Dr. HenryRaymond Rogers, of Dunkirk, N. Y. In a recent paper he says: 'It is a fundamentalprinciple in electrical science that every movement of one body near another disturbsand puts in motion the electric currents in both bodies. Extending the law from thelesser or terrestrial to the grander or celestial field the inference becomes legitimatethat the starry worlds whirling with inconceivable velocity in space evolve betweenthe electrical currents in great cosmical circuits; that the sun and earth revolving ontheir axes and in their orbits thus become actually vast magnets — electric machines,or batteries, through the action of which currents incessantly pass to and fro betweenthose bodies. In this manner is explained the source and mode of development of the
35
Giovanni Virginio Schiaparelli, who was author, among other texts, of Astronomy in the OldTestament http://books.google.com/books?id=nxgqAAAAYAAJ. 36The Fort Worth [TX] Gazette, Nov. 14, 1891, p. 8.
universal force."'The problem of the action of force at a distance, without intervention of somemedium of transmission, which has puzzled philosophers for centuries, has its fulland complete solution in the action of electricity in vacuous space. Upon thishypothesis is rationally explained how each planet in our solar system may haveidentically the same relations with the sun and her sunheat, sunlight, chemical actionand gravity are developed and act precisely the same at Neptune, nearly three billionsof miles from the sun as at the earth, the former being thiry-three times farther fromthe sun than the latter."'A mighty cosmical essence, or spirit or soul pervades, all worlds, all life, allforce. This subtle, invisible entity animates and controls the whole universe of matterregardless of time, space or distance. Mind as well as matter is its realm and herein wehave a glimpse of that grand unity which science has ever sought but neverdiscovered."'Science assets that gravity acts instantaneously throughout the universe. If itsforce was obstructed in interstellar space its operation would be impracticable. Itannihilates space and distance. So does electricity and in view of this fact may not thegravitative force be purely electrical?"'Faraday, the greatest philosopher in this field who every lived, continued forthirty years to assert his conviction that such was the case. Newton held to the sametheory. The latter taught that the ultimate particulars of matter are endowed withinherent forces or powers of attraction and repulsion. He thus recognized in gravitythe operation of a dual principle which exists in no other force than electricity."'That the great gravitative force is electrical is fully demonstrable. It is afundamental law of electrical action that all bodies susceptible to electrical excitationbecome centers of attraction through the operation of the electrical circuit. A body ofsoft iron is thus made magnetic and retains its power of attraction during itscontinuance in the circuit. So the sun and earth being constituents in our greatterrasolar circuit, they and all things they contain become vitalized with the powerwhich we call gravitation."'The sun and earth become vast magnets having magnetic axes and poles andare held in their relative positions through the action of their polarities. Gravity istherefore a purely electrical phenomenon explainable only upon the hypotheses of theuninterrupted action of electricity in vacuous space.'"
37
37
The Grank Forks [ND] Herald, Dec. 13, 1891, p. 1. A few years earlier, in 1886, Rogers had publisheda paper entitled "A New Philosophy of the Sun," in which he expounds upon the same ideas
universal force."'The problem of the action of force at a distance, without intervention of somemedium of transmission, which has puzzled philosophers for centuries, has its fulland complete solution in the action of electricity in vacuous space. Upon thishypothesis is rationally explained how each planet in our solar system may haveidentically the same relations with the sun and her sunheat, sunlight, chemical actionand gravity are developed and act precisely the same at Neptune, nearly three billionsof miles from the sun as at the earth, the former being thiry-three times farther fromthe sun than the latter."'A mighty cosmical essence, or spirit or soul pervades, all worlds, all life, allforce. This subtle, invisible entity animates and controls the whole universe of matterregardless of time, space or distance. Mind as well as matter is its realm and herein wehave a glimpse of that grand unity which science has ever sought but neverdiscovered."'Science assets that gravity acts instantaneously throughout the universe. If itsforce was obstructed in interstellar space its operation would be impracticable. Itannihilates space and distance. So does electricity and in view of this fact may not thegravitative force be purely electrical?"'Faraday, the greatest philosopher in this field who every lived, continued forthirty years to assert his conviction that such was the case. Newton held to the sametheory. The latter taught that the ultimate particulars of matter are endowed withinherent forces or powers of attraction and repulsion. He thus recognized in gravitythe operation of a dual principle which exists in no other force than electricity."'That the great gravitative force is electrical is fully demonstrable. It is afundamental law of electrical action that all bodies susceptible to electrical excitationbecome centers of attraction through the operation of the electrical circuit. A body ofsoft iron is thus made magnetic and retains its power of attraction during its continuance in the circuit. So the sun and earth being constituents in our great terrasolar circuit, they and all things they contain become vitalized with the powerwhich we call gravitation."'The sun and earth become vast magnets having magnetic axes and poles and are held in their relative positions through the action of their polarities. Gravity is therefore a purely electrical phenomenon explainable only upon the hypotheses of the uninterrupted action of electricity in vacuous space.'"
37
37
The Grank Forks [ND] Herald, Dec. 13, 1891, p. 1. A few years earlier, in 1886, Rogers had publisheda paper entitled "A New Philosophy of the Sun," in which he expounds upon the same ideas
Lillingston
40
, Smith
41
, Cather
42
and others are not weather prophets but meteorologists,entitled to the prefix 'Professor,' because they are teaching a branch of learning, thisbeing one of the definitions given by Webster."The two appellations, 'Prophet' and 'Professor' do not belong together. No oneever heard of a prophet being called 'Professor.' But the term 'weather prophet'appears to have come to stay and therefore we may accept it under protest. I want totalk about weather prophets."Professor Tice of St. Louis, was the original discoverer of that upon whichelectrical meteorology is founded. He combated the heat theory of force and declaredthat electricity is the motive power of the universe. He discovered the periods of fourprinciple storm waves and attributed their cause to an inner mercurial planet calledVulcan. He was right as to the principle storm wave periods but his theory aboutVulcan is a very doubtful one."Professor Tice in his new system of meteorology gave to each planet fourpoints in its revolution around the sun at which it caused general electricaldisturbances throughout the solar system. In this he was mistaken as to all the planetsexcept Uranus, Saturn, Jupiter and the Earth. He was certainly in error as to Mars,Venus, Mercury and perhaps Vulcan. He also believed that the four points around thesun called heliocentric longitude 80, 170, 260 and 350 were fixed disturbing points forall the planets and this was a very serious error because this is not in accord withastronomical events."The effects of the moon on our weather was entirely unknown to ProfessorTice. He seems never to have applied his theory of planetary influences to the moon,perhaps because that orb rotates so slowly on its axis always keeping the same side tothe earth. He made no effort in his general forecasts to locate the storm centers butgave the dates on which he supposed the planetary equinoxes would affect theweather of the whole earth."Professor Tice discovered the relations of the transitory high barometer to eachother and to the weather, and the United States weather bureau appropriated his
40
Charles H. Lillingston, the son-in-law and partner of Tice, according to a list of "Weather Almanacsand Predictions" found in Notes and Queries and Historic Magazine, February 1900, Vol. XVIII, No. 2, p. 60http://books.google.com/books?id=neIRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA60. He is the author of the article "John H.Tice and the Science of Weather Forecasting," found herein in Appendix II. In Appendix III, Lillingstondiscusses his own work in another article from his pen.
41
Walter H. Smith, "who has the reputation of being the best and most trustworthy weather prophet inCanada" Manawatu Herald of Foxton, New Zealand, March 5, 1892, Page 2.http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=MH18920305.2.15 .42George K. Cather (the original, above, has been corrected from "Carther").
discovery without giving him credit for it."Of all the meteorologists now dead Professor Tice deserves to be recognized asthe greatest, for he pointed out the establishment of the only true system ofmeteorology."Professor Mansill of Rock Island Ill., was the first, perhaps, to lay down asystem of meteorology based on planetary influences, and while there is much truth inhis system he only deals with the minor and less important influences of gravity ormagnetism affected by conjunctions, perihelions and perigees as being the cause ofour greatest electrical disturbances but does not recognize the influences of equinoxes.This clearly shows the difference between the Mansill and Tice systems. They wereeach based upon the two distinct electrical theories, the principal idea of one being theequinoxes and the other conjunctions."Prof. Blake, of Topeka, Kansas, is uncommunicative as to his theories, but along and careful study of his writings has revealed the basis of his calculations. Hedoes not wait for conjunctions or equinoxes, but calculates the influence of the sun,moon and planets on the electric currents, the waters and the atmosphere of the earthat all times. He believes that every particle of matter and every heavenly body isimpelled toward every other with an equal force at all times varied only by distanceand mass. He takes no account of conjunctions except the doubled influence of two ormore bodies when situated near each other, and thus increasing their attraction ofgravitation or the repulsive power of the surrounding elements as he would call it. Hedoes not believe in attraction, but declares that gravitation is repulsion."Prof. Cather of Ashville, Alabama, based his calculations on the effects of themoon. He claimed that the weather is similar every twenty-eight days basing the ideaon the distance of the moon north or south of the earth's equator. He claimed that asthe moon reaches the same latitude, going north or south, it will have the same effecton the weather that it had twenty-eight days before, when it was at the same latitudeand going in the same direction. He made allowance for the seasons, but gave noinfluence to the planets."These are the four systems of meteorology. Smith of Canada, follows Mansilland also includes the conduct of animals and recurring periods of weather changes astaught by Vennor.
43
Prof. Hicks of St. Louis, follows Prof. Tice and has not improved
43
Henry G. Vennor of Montreal, Canada. Of his method he said: "In brief, the basis of my work is theresult of observation and the comparison of cause with cause, effect with effect, season with season. It is amere matter of relationships. ... I discovered one fact, and proving it to be a fact beyond question or dispute, Ihave builded upon it — and built safely, I think. What was that discovery? Just this: that seasons and yearsrecur in couplets and triads. Rules applicable to the first season or year of a couplet are equally applicable tothe second season or year of that couplet, and precisely so in the triads. Such is the main superstructure of
on
his old methods. Hicks also uses the Herschell theory of the effect of moon changeson the weather.
44
Prof. Lillingston follows Tice."I have carefully studied all these theories, have tested them by the records ofthe Washington weather bureau, and find some truth in each of the four systems. Ihave taken those parts of Professors Tice, Mansill, Blake and Cather's systems thatstand the tests of the records and with what I have been able to discover, have formedthe electric system of meteorology. I include nothing in this system that is not inharmony with the laws of electricity and magnetism, nothing that will not bearinvestigation in the light of the weather records of this and all other countries."
45
+ + +"ELECTRO-METEOROLOGY."I am not able yet to avoid errors in my weather forecasts. But I very seldom erras to the dates on which the storm centers and cool waves cross the continent. Mymistakes are confined principally to the force and latitude of these disturbances. Evenin these particulars a very large percent of the forecasts are verified."I have no disposition to evade the responsibility of my mistakes, but ratherprefer to frankly state wherein the principal difficulties lie. The responsibilities ofthese mistakes must rest upon myself and not on the system, for if the system ofelectro-meteorology was thoroughly understood, there would be no errors in weatherforecasts. The fault lies with man and not with the laws of nature."As I have repeatedly stated, there are four storm waves passing around theearth from west to east between 30 and 60 degrees of north latitude, making 45degrees of north latitude an average center of their paths around the earth."The average distance of these storm waves apart — from west to east — isabout 3500 miles. The high barometer — that which gives us the cool wave andclearing weather — follows about 1750 miles behind the low barometer, and these
my work. But I soon found that the system was not bound down to a mere generality, embracing only aseason or year in its entirety. Experiment evidenced that the same calculations could be made for a month,and that, too, with an exactness that at first appeared to be surprising. And I pursued my work still furtheruntil now I do not hesitate to bring my calculations to within a week. Yes, I have been able to designateparticular days. That is usually my rule in the text of my predictions. But the public should understand that,except in special cases, I never risk everything upon any single 24 hours. I have not yet reached that point inmy system, although there is no telling what will be accomplished in the near future." The New York Times,Aug. 25, 1881. A copy of Vennor's Almanac and Weather Record for 1878-9 is online athttp://books.google.com/books?id=lycXAAAAYAAJ .44Appendix IV herein presents the "Herschel" table via Bible commentator Adam Clarke.45Grand Forks [ND] Herald, Dec. 31, 1891, p. 8.
high and low barometers are strung around the earth like a string of beads, and allmoving eastward."We have made a success in finding the dates on which these high or lowbarometers, or storm waves, will pass any given meridian of longitude. That part ofthe system is a decided success."It makes a very great difference in the weather as to whether a storm centerpasses south or north of a locality, and in locating the latitude of a storm centermistakes are sometimes made. The storm wave may be exactly on time as predicted,but if it goes by on the south, cold weather will follow, while if it goes by on the north,warm weather will follow. A few errors are unavoidable at this time in locating thelatitude of the storm waves."The most difficult matter to calculate is the force of the storm. This is veryimportant, for the force of the storm has much to do with the character of the weather."The electrical influences of the sun, moon and planets affect every part of theearth at the same moment, but these influences will manifest themselves in one or allof the four storm waves that are moving around the earth at about 3500 miles apart.The difficulty lies in determining which of these four storm waves will be mostaffected, and herein is where most of my errors occur."It is not difficult to understand that the planetary influences are conveyed tothe storm centers through the earth's electric currents, and if we fully understand thelaws that govern the magnetic forces of the solar system, we would make no mistakesin forecasting the location and force of the storm centers and their influences on theweather."In the latter part of January, I had calculated the electrical influences wouldlargely increase the force of the storms due to cross the continent from the 25th to the29th of January. The result, however, was that the storm wave preceding it receivedalmost the full force of the electrical influences, causing a great storm in WesternEurope at the time we expected a great storm here."An intelligent investigation will satisfy any reasonable mind that we are verynear to one of the greatest discoveries of modern times. We know the dates on whichthe storm waves will cross the continent, we know, approximately, how to calculatethe latitude of these storm waves, we know the dates on which these storm waves willhave greatest and least force, and the greatest difficulty yet to surmount is to knowwhich of the four storm waves will be most affected by the planetary influences.
"Two thirds of the time I can succeed in rightly determining this difficultproblem, but the other third is what stands in the way of complete success. I knowwhere to look to find the key to this difficult part of the weather problem, and haveclearly indicated this to my readers. I expect to discover the key and then to avoiderrors."If I make one mistake out of ten forecasts a certain class of critics will ridiculemy work. Let them ridicule. I know that the system of electro-meteorology has theonly true basis, and that time, I hope a comparatively short time, will vindicate it."But readers of my work must not now expect infallible forecasts, for the systemis not yet perfect. They should also remember that my own time and money, aided byfifty daily newspapers, are working out this great problem without assistance from thegeneral government."
46
+ + +"I have often stated, and will repeat, that very severe storms will occur on thiscontinent during March. Western Europe has experienced the greatest storms of thecentury during the past six monthc [sic], and it is almost impossible for this countrynot to go through the same experience during the next six months."Even orthodox scientists have given warning of the great disturbances near athand, because of the great sun spots and other remarkable disturbances now apparenton the sun. Spots on the sun, they declare, cause an increase in the force of our earthstorms through the agency of the electrical forces."They also declare that the perihelion of Jupiter causes a maximum of sun spotsand an increase in the auroral displays. All this indicates that the men who have posedas the leaders in scientific research are being forced to acknowledge the influence ofthe planets on our earth, and that electricity is the medium."But in claiming that sunspots can cause auroras and other earth disturbances,and that the perihelia of the planets cause sunspots, these great scientists whollydisregard cause and effect — disregard all the laws of electricity and magnetism."Jupiter is now about forty millions of miles nearer the sun than it was six yearsago, and if we follow the laws of electricity, that would increase the electrical forces ofthe sun and earth, which in turn would increase the evaporation and cloudliness onthe sun, thereby preventing sunspots; therefore the perihelia of the planets cannot
46The Fort Worth [TX] Gazette, Feb. 18, 1892 (weekly edition), P. 1.
cause sunspots and the sunspots cannot cause earth disturbances."Sun spots must necessarily be of exactly the same nature as our highbarometers, and our cold waves, causing large areas of clear weather, correspondingto the large dark spots on the sun."The faculæ, or bright spots, on the sun are the same as our low barometerswhere we have densely cloudy weather. Whatever causes our storm centers, our highand low barometers, our cold waves, also cause the sun spots, and I assert withoutfear of contradiction, that it is the equinox of Jupiter and not his perihelion that causesthe increase of auroras and sun spots."On the night of February 13, when the great aurora lighted up the northernheavens — also the region of the south pole, no doubt, although we have no newsfrom that part of the earth — Jupiter was within two degrees of his equinox while hewas fourteen degrees from his perihelion, therefore the electric tension of the sun wasvery great and only needed an outlet in order to shock or electrify the whole solarsystem."The electrifying event occurred on the 13th, when Venus passed the earth'sequator and the earth passed the equator of Mars. Anyone who has studied the nature of electrical currents in connection with revolving globes will readily see the logic in these statements."But the difficulty in the way of orthodox scientists is that they still consider thesun as a burning body, instead of, as it really is, a body very much like the earth, with its seas, continents, mountains, valleys, clouds and storms, all affected by the verysame laws and in the same manner as are the various parts of our earth."Knowing of the approach of the equinoxes of Saturn and Jupiter, I gave warning nearly a year ago that 1892 would be a year of great storms all around the earth, and that these great disturbances would reach their maximum force in the fourmonths from March 1 to June 30."Since the great auroral display February 13, orthodox scientists are predictingthe same increase of disturbances that I did a year ago."Spots on the sun and storms all around the earth have been increasing for sixmonths past at least, and they will continue to increase for at least months to come.But both sun spots and earth storms are effects of the same cause. The planets and sun electrify each other just as revolving magnets in the electro-dynamo machine affect each other.
"The time appears to be rapidly approaching when the electrical theory of forcein the universe will take the places of the nebular and heat theories and electro-meteorology dethrone the chaotic world of chance ideas that have long ruled in theweather bureau of the United States."
47
+ + +"NATURE AND MOVEMENTS OF STORMS."Readers are so forgetful, that it is necessary to dwell on some of the mostimportant features of weather changes. Entirely too many readers, who are muchinterested in the weather, misunderstand what is meant when I specify the date onwhich a storm wave is due. Nothing but the tariff and silver discussions can be moregenerally misunderstood than the term 'storm wave,' and still there is no way for meto avoid using it. No other term will supply its place, and therefore, in order tounderstand my forecasts, the reader must understand what is meant by 'storm wave.'"It does not necessarily imply a storm, or rain, or snow, or hail, or wind, but itmay include all of these. It does, however, almost universally imply wind from theeast, warmer weather, wind changing to west and cooler, in rotation as stated. Thestorm wave may pass centrally over any point and still the weather remain clearthroughout, but the warm wave, change of wind and cool wave are sure toaccompany almost every such storm wave."If the storm wave passed by to the north, the wind will change from east byway of the south to the west, and the cool wave following it will not bring a very greatfall in the temperature. If the storm wave moves by to the south, the wind will changefrom east to west by way of the north, and a cold wave with low temperatures willfollow."When the conditions are favorable to rain, the low barometer of the storm wavefills up with clouds, except in its center, which is usually very warm and partly cloudyor clear."When I expect rain, snow, wind or a storm, I say so in plain terms, but whenonly the term storm wave is used, it does not portend any unusual event."The discovery of the period of these storm waves and the laws that governtheir movements, is the most important ever made in reference to meteorology, and
47The Fort Worth [TX] Gazette, March 3, 1892, p. 16.
gives promise of reliable, long-range forecasts, especially if the system should bedeveloped by government aid."The cause of these storm waves is somewhat of a mystery. My theory is thatthey are caused by a circuit of electricity rising in the low barometer and coming downin the high. The low being a column of rising air draws to it the clouds and moisturethat makes up the storm center."The storm center is the low barometer, which, with the high barometer, iscalled the storm wave. The high barometer pours cool air into the rear of the low andit is often the case that rain does not occur till the high barometer comes in and thesnow storms always occur after the main portion of the low has passed and as thehigh, with its cool wave, comes in."My forecasts are for the front part of the storm wave, which often causes norain, but it may be known by the rising temperature. Herein is where the weatherbureau ought to be useful. I can give the dates of the storm waves, but cannot alwaystell, so far ahead, whether the precipitation will occur in front, rear, north side orsouth side of the low or storm center. Knowing where the storm center is, and theconditions surrounding it, the weather bureau ought to make few mistakes, but itmakes many, and its forecasts are of no use to farmers, coal dealers, small dealers inproducts, etc."These storm waves are strung around the earth in these northern latitudes likea string of beads, and their movements cause them to jostle up against each other like[railroad] cars when the engine suddenly puts on brakes or makes a sudden start.These jostlings of the storm waves against each other cause them to lose or gain asmuch as a days' time, and therefore I do not pretend to forecast their time nearer thantwenty-four hours."When these storm waves are driven north by the influences of the moon or theplanets, we have excessively hot weather and drouth, and when, for a period ofseveral weeks, they are driven south by the same influences, we have cool seasons aswe had in May, June and July, 1891."Cold winters occur when the paths of the storms are south, as will be the casenext January. Warm winters surely follow when the storm paths are far to the north."These storm waves do not move in perfect circles around the geographicalnorth pole, but around the magnetic north pole, which is about 70 degrees north and97 west, or 20 degrees south of the geographical north pole, and northwest ofHudson's bay. There is another magnetic pole in Northern Asia, around which the
storms of that continent probably make a semi-circle."Many of our storm waves cross Europe and Asia, but some of them appear topass between the two north magnetic poles. The tropical hurricanes appear to movealmost directly toward the geographical north pole of the earth."In order that they may better understand by forecasts, I hope that readers willtry to retain the above explanations, and not confound the widely differing terms,storm and storm wave."
48
+ + +"Professor Frank H. Bigelow, of the National Weather Bureau, has published animportant paper in a leading astronomical journal
49
. He has been, for several years,one of the weather bureau's scientific experts, and his conclusions are very importantto meteorology. He says: 'The observed facts pertaining to solar physics, to terrestrialmagnetism and to meteorology have been such to render it very probable that thesethree distinct branches of science are in reality parts of one general cosmical science.'"That is precisely the theory for which planetary meteorologists have beencontending. Professor Bigelow was selected by the Weather Bureau to investigate thisvery question, and from the senseless opposition of the Weather Bureau officialstoward independent planetary meteorologists, I infer that Professor Bigelow wasexpected to annihilate the theory that moon and planets have anything to do with ourweather changes, but Professor Bigelow says that the magnetic forces of the sun andearth are closely related to our weather changes and auroral displays."Professor Bigelow writes to convince scientists, showing no care for otherintelligent classes of people, therefore his language is hard and needs interpretation.Men whose salaries are paid by the government should be compelled to write in theAmerican language, of which our American newspapers are the classics. OurAmerican newspapers use the pure American language, furnish the channel throughwhich American intelligence is reached, and therefore one who fills a public capacityat the expense of the people, should give his discoveries to the public in ournewspaper language."I quote again from the same paper: 'The periodic occurrences of manifestationsof energy in sun spots, the solar corona, the faculae and prominences, on one hand;the aurora, variations of the terrestrial magnetic field, and the fluctuations of the
48The Fort Worth [TX] Gazette, March 17, 1892.
49
"The Two Magnetic Fields Surrounding the Sun," Astronomy and Astrophysics, October 1893, Vol.XII, No. 3, p. 706 ff. http://books.google.com/books?id=_iKKbuNsc34C&pg=PA706.
meteorological elements on the other, have all indicated a fundamental system ofphysical forces embracing the sun and earth in its operation.'"All this means to say that sun spots, earth storms, electrical forces and auroras,have magnetism as their common cause. He never mentions heat as a common cause,and therein he radically differs with Professor Finley,
50
who sustains the WeatherBureau theory that heat is the cause of weather changes."Bigelow again says: 'If the sun has a nucleus in which can reside a species ofpermanent magnetism having poles of direction and intensity, such as are found uponthe earth, it must also be surrounded by wide, sweeping lines of magnetic force,distributed in space.'"He then goes on to show that these magnetic lines enter the earth diagonallythrough the northern hemisphere, and leave the earth in diagonal lines through thesouthern hemisphere. This theory was promulgated by Professor Siemens, the greatelectrician,
51
and now by the most critical tests made with the best electricalinstruments, Professor Bigelow has found the theory to be a true one."He has found more. The instruments show that periodically the magneticcurrents change, now entering the earth through the northern hemisphere, andleaving it through the southern, and then in regular periodic changes, agreeing closelywith our weather changes, the currents enter through the southern hemisphere, andleave the earth through the northern hemisphere. Professor Bigelow makes the periodof the principal one of these changes 26.68 days. Professor Veeder
52
gives the period as27.28 days, and my principal storm disturbance period is 27.28 days."Professor Veeder's auroral period is so nearly the same as my storm period,that they may safely be considered the same, and from the same cause, but ProfessorBigelow's period appears to be a little short."Professor Bigelow holds that these periods are caused by the sun's rotation.Professor Veeder claims that the aurora depends on the same cause. Both are eminentscientists, but their periods do not agree. At the end of twelve months they would beeight to ten days apart, and that variation must destroy one or the other, if both relyon the same cause."Dr. Veeder is correct in his 27.28 days period, but probably he is in error as to
50Sgt. John Park Finley of the United States Army Signal Service, which managed the United StatesWeather Bureau.51Ernst Werner von Siemens, founder of the Siemens electronics company in Germany.
52Major Albert Veeder, M.D.
meteorological elements on the other, have all indicated a fundamental system ofphysical forces embracing the sun and earth in its operation.'"All this means to say that sun spots, earth storms, electrical forces and auroras,have magnetism as their common cause. He never mentions heat as a common cause,and therein he radically differs with Professor Finley,
50
who sustains the WeatherBureau theory that heat is the cause of weather changes."Bigelow again says: 'If the sun has a nucleus in which can reside a species ofpermanent magnetism having poles of direction and intensity, such as are found uponthe earth, it must also be surrounded by wide, sweeping lines of magnetic force,distributed in space.'"He then goes on to show that these magnetic lines enter the earth diagonallythrough the northern hemisphere, and leave the earth in diagonal lines through thesouthern hemisphere. This theory was promulgated by Professor Siemens, the greatelectrician,
51
and now by the most critical tests made with the best electricalinstruments, Professor Bigelow has found the theory to be a true one."He has found more. The instruments show that periodically the magneticcurrents change, now entering the earth through the northern hemisphere, andleaving it through the southern, and then in regular periodic changes, agreeing closelywith our weather changes, the currents enter through the southern hemisphere, andleave the earth through the northern hemisphere. Professor Bigelow makes the periodof the principal one of these changes 26.68 days. Professor Veeder
52
gives the period as27.28 days, and my principal storm disturbance period is 27.28 days."Professor Veeder's auroral period is so nearly the same as my storm period,that they may safely be considered the same, and from the same cause, but ProfessorBigelow's period appears to be a little short."Professor Bigelow holds that these periods are caused by the sun's rotation.Professor Veeder claims that the aurora depends on the same cause. Both are eminent scientists, but their periods do not agree. At the end of twelve months they would beeight to ten days apart, and that variation must destroy one or the other, if both relyon the same cause."Dr. Veeder is correct in his 27.28 days period, but probably he is in error as to
50Sgt. John Park Finley of the United States Army Signal Service, which managed the United StatesWeather Bureau.51Ernst Werner von Siemens, founder of the Siemens electronics company in Germany.
52Major Albert Veeder, M.D.
ok, you get the point. W.T. Foster had a lot to say. here is the link:
http://www.scribd.com/doc/40004049/Planetary-Meteorology-WT-Foster
there is a lot more to go! whew!
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